At autopsy, a 40-year-old man has an enlarged (2200 g) liver with a yellow cut surface. The microscopic appearance of this liver is shown in the preceding figure. Before death, the man's total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normal, but he had a decreased serum albumin concentration and increased prothrombin time. Which of the following activities most likely led to these findings. _ _
A. Injecting heroin
B. Playing basketball
C. Drinking beer
D. Smoking cigarettes
E. Ingesting aspirin Courtesy of Dr. James Crawford, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
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A 22-year-old woman with leukemia undergoes bone marrow transplantation and receives partially mismatched donor marrow. One month later, she has a scaling skin rash. Examination of a skin biopsy specimen reveals the cellular change shown in the figure. This change most likely results from which of the following biochemical reactions. _ _
Activation of caspases
B. Reduction of ATP synthesis
C. Increase in glycolysis
D. Activation of lipases
E. Lipid peroxidation
A chest radiograph of an asymptomatic 37-year-old man showed a 3-cm nodule in the middle lobe of the right lung. The nodule was excised with a pulmonary wedge resection, and sectioning showed the nodule to be sharply circumscribed with a soft, white center. Culture of tissue from the nodule grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in this nodule. _ _
Apoptosis
B. Caseous necrosis
Coagulative necrosis
D. Fat necrosis
E. Fatty change
The nonpregnant uterus of a 20-year-old woman measures 7×4×3 cm.The woman becomes pregnant and just before delivery of a term infant, the uterus measures 34×18×12 cm. Which of the following cellular processes has contributed most to the increase in uterine size. _ _
A. Endometrial glandular hyperplasia
B. Myometrial fibroblast proliferation
C. Endometrial stromal hypertrophy
D. Myometrial smooth muscle hypertrophy
E. Vascular endothelial hyperplasia
A 40-year-old woman has had chronic congestive heart failure for the past 3 years. In the past 2 months, she developed a cough productive of rust-colored sputum. A sputum cytology specimen shows numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Which of the following subcellular structures in macrophages is most important for the accumulation of this pigment. _ _
A. Lysosome
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
E. Chromosome