题目内容
A 40-year-old woman has had chronic congestive heart failure for the past 3 years. In the past 2 months, she developed a cough productive of rust-colored sputum. A sputum cytology specimen shows numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Which of the following subcellular structures in macrophages is most important for the accumulation of this pigment. _ _
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In an experiment, a large amount of a drug is administered to subjects and is converted by cytochrome P-450 to a toxic metabolite. The accumulation of this metabolite leads to increased lipid peroxidation within cells, causing damage to cell membranes and cell swelling. Depletion of which of the following substances by this mechanism within the cytosol exacerbates the cellular injury. _ _
An experiment is conducted in which cells in tissue culture are subjected to high levels of ultraviolet radiant energy. Electron microscopy shows cellular damage in the form of increased cytosolic aggregates of denatured proteins. In situ hybridization reveals that protein components in these aggregates are also found in proteasomes. Which of the following substances is most likely to bind to the denatured proteins, targeting them for catabolism by cytosolic proteasomes. _ _
For the past 2 days, a 41-year-old man has had a severe headache, and he now has a temperature of 39.2 ℃. A lumbar puncture is performed, and the cerebrospinal fluid obtained has a WBC count of 910/mm3 with 94% neutrophils and 6% lymphocytes. Which of the following substances is the most likely mediator for the fever observed in this patient. ()
A 40-year-old man has a history of intravenous drug use. Physical examination shows needle tracks in his left antecubital fossa. He has mild scleral icterus. Serologic studies for HBsAg and anti-HCV are positive. He develops hepatocellular carcinoma l5 years later. Which of the following best explains why this patient developed hepatocellular carcinoma. _ _
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