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The nonpregnant uterus of a 20-year-old woman measures 7×4×3 cm.The woman becomes pregnant and just before delivery of a term infant, the uterus measures 34×18×12 cm. Which of the following cellular processes has contributed most to the increase in uterine size. _ _

A. Endometrial glandular hyperplasia
B. Myometrial fibroblast proliferation
C. Endometrial stromal hypertrophy
D. Myometrial smooth muscle hypertrophy
E. Vascular endothelial hyperplasia

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A 40-year-old woman has had chronic congestive heart failure for the past 3 years. In the past 2 months, she developed a cough productive of rust-colored sputum. A sputum cytology specimen shows numerous hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Which of the following subcellular structures in macrophages is most important for the accumulation of this pigment. _ _

A. Lysosome
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi apparatus
E. Chromosome

In an experiment, a large amount of a drug is administered to subjects and is converted by cytochrome P-450 to a toxic metabolite. The accumulation of this metabolite leads to increased lipid peroxidation within cells, causing damage to cell membranes and cell swelling. Depletion of which of the following substances by this mechanism within the cytosol exacerbates the cellular injury. _ _

ADP
B. Calcium
C. Glutathione
D. NADPH oxidase
E. Nitric oxide synthase

An experiment is conducted in which cells in tissue culture are subjected to high levels of ultraviolet radiant energy. Electron microscopy shows cellular damage in the form of increased cytosolic aggregates of denatured proteins. In situ hybridization reveals that protein components in these aggregates are also found in proteasomes. Which of the following substances is most likely to bind to the denatured proteins, targeting them for catabolism by cytosolic proteasomes. _ _

Adenosine monophosphate
B. (B) Calcium
C. (C) Caspase
D. Granzyme B
E. (E) Ubiquitin

For the past 2 days, a 41-year-old man has had a severe headache, and he now has a temperature of 39.2 ℃. A lumbar puncture is performed, and the cerebrospinal fluid obtained has a WBC count of 910/mm3 with 94% neutrophils and 6% lymphocytes. Which of the following substances is the most likely mediator for the fever observed in this patient. ()

A. Bradykinin
B. Leukotriene B4
C. Histamine
D. Myeloperoxidase
E. Tumor necrosis factor

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