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Good wordsChoose one proper word of the given ones by writing down the Letter before the word.a. categorically b. clamped down on c. cult d.despotism e. good standingf. justified g. henceforth h. precipitated i. toto j. transcending1. With the use of this tremendous reasoning device, what cannot be______ in history?2. For instance without the madness and ______ of King George I, there would have been no American Revolution and no United States of America.3. But George I, who eventually went mad, bitterly resisted such advice, and ______ the colonists.4.There is no limit to what the imaginative historian can do with this device, ______ to be known as “Crane’s Equation.”5. Slavery is excellent ,because it______ the Civil War, and thus took the blacks out of bondage. 6. As a member of civilization in ______ , I reject both the nowness and the thenness of the generation. I opt for the alwaysness.7. There is a better way that either, and that is to be an Always person, ______ both the frantic ______ of the new and the feeble cult of the old. 8. Life is primarily the art of selecting and combining, not accepting or rejecting any philosophy in ______ . The Now generation rejects the past too ______ , just as the Then generation embraces it too hysterically.

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Translation theories 1. 翻译技巧,说到底就是对英汉语言差异的灵巧处理。理想的译文应该是“形神皆似”,但实际上这样的译文往往不可多得。译文必须考虑英汉两种语言的遣词造句特征,对译文做出必要的变通,以达到变中求信求顺的目的。大致来说,这种语言变通艺术可以概括成以下五个方面,______ 、______ 、______ 、______ 、和______ 。2. 从理论上说,翻译中的词性转换(conversion of word classes)是没有限制的,名词可以转换成动词、形容词、副词等,动词可以转换成名词等。不过,英汉语的词性转换也有一定的规律,比如英语比较喜欢多用______ 和介词, 而汉语则是______ 用得多一些。英汉两种语言都有主动和被动两种语态。一般来说,英语比汉语更喜欢使用被动语态。3.______ 和______ 是翻译中最为常用的又一变通手段,都是增词不增义,减词不减义,使意义更加明确,文字更加通达。英汉两种语言中都有正说和反说,一般来说,英语中的正说最好译成汉语中的正说,反说最好译成汉语中的反说,但在实践中,可以进行正反的转换。4. 在英汉互译中,抽象与具体的转换是______ , 即原文的抽象概念可以化为具体,具体概念也可化为抽象。分句和合句都是重要的翻译方法,所谓分句法,就是把原文的某句话,译成两个或两个以上的句子;而合句法,就是把原文两个或两个以上的句子加以合并,译成一个句子。

原文: A man needs both a Ph. D and an M.D. to figure these matters out. I am eternally indebted to Dr. Crane for a whole new slant on history.译文: 一个人需要既是哲学博士(1)又是医学博士,才能悟出这些道理(2)来。我要永远感激(3)克莱恩博 士,感谢他对历史提出了一个全新的报道(4)。Which part is wrong in the translation?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

原文:It means, further, learning to discriminate between values that are permanent and universal and mere matters of convention or taste or the times.译文1:这还意味着,你要学会将普遍的、永久的价值与仅仅属于习俗、喜好、时尚的东西辨别开来。译文2:此外,它还意味着学会区分永恒的、普遍的价值观和仅仅是习俗、品味或时代的问题。译文3:这进一步意味着要学会区分永久和普遍的价值观,而仅仅是约定俗成,品位或时代的问题。Which translation is correct?

A. 译文1
B. 译文2
C. 译文3

原文:There are false alternatives, for they are not exclusive alternatives.译文1. 存在错误的选择,因为它们不是排他性选择。译文2. 有错误的选择,因为它们不是唯一的选择。译文3. 这不是两种非此即彼的选择,因为并非只有这两个选择。Which transaltion is correct?

A. 译文1
B. 译文2
C. 译文3

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