Factors that influence the heat transfer into or out of the product are ( ).
A. heat exchanger desig
B. heat transfer properties of the produc
C. density
D. method of heat transfer
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The most heat resistant microbe in canned foods is( ).
A. Salmonella sp.
B. Clostridium perfringen
C. Escherichia coli
D. Staphylococcus aureus
( )is defined as the time required to achieve a stated reduction in the microbial population at a given temperature.
A. Thermal death time
B. D value
C. Z value
D. F value
( ) provide a good alternative, as they can withstand higher temperatures(up to 75℃), operate at a wide pH range (1 to 13), and have reasonable chlorine resistance (up to 50 ppm chlorine).
A. cellulose acetate
B. polymer
C. Polysulfones
D. ceramic
There are two parameters used to describe the thermal resistance of a microbial specie in an elevated temperature environment they are ( ).
A. D-value and Z-value
B. D-value and F-value
C. Z-value and F-value
D-value and E-value