There are two parameters used to describe the thermal resistance of a microbial specie in an elevated temperature environment they are ( ).
A. D-value and Z-value
B. D-value and F-value
C. Z-value and F-value
D-value and E-value
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In most situations, growth of most species of microorganisms is negligible at ( )℃.
A. -4
B. -10
C. -18
D. -27
The potential hazards of the toxin from Clostridium botulinum is sufficient to create ( )fatality in humans who ingest the toxin.
A. 65%
B. 70%
C. 90%
D. 30%
Pasteurization is most often associated ( ) .
A. with liquid foods and elevated temperature
B. with solid foods and elevated temperature
C. with elevated temperature
D. with Clostridium botulinum
Low-acid foods have pH values higher than ( ).
A. pH4.6
B. pH3.7
C. pH7.0
D. pH6.0