What does Professor Shonkoff present as one of the most complicated but exciting dimensions of the early childhood field?
A. The need for a larger ECD workforce
B. The need for a research and development platform and innovation
C. The need for more financing
D. The need for more resources generally for ECD
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What ECD services are listed as most associated with early primary school? CHOOSE THREE (Vargas-Baron)
A. Transition services: from home or preschool to primary school
B. Interventions with siblings
C. Parent involvement in primary school activities
D. Continued parent education and support
E. Nutritional supplements
Which of the following is NOT one of the eight essential elements identified by the authors as essential to building and strengthening national ECD systems? (Vargas-Baron)
A. Equity and rights
B. Multisectorality, integration, and coordination
C. Governance through participatory ECD policy development and structures
D. Legislation, standards, regulations and agreements
E. Quality improvement and resource development
F. Accountability through ECD management information systems
G. Investment and systemic issues for going to scale
H. Independent, boundary-spanning entity in leadership role
I. Policy advocacy and social communications
Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean often do not emphasize child outcome standards, particularly in relation to learning, as there is a hesitancy to specify what young children should know and be able to do, and also a fear that specifying outcomes might lead to unfair and premature labeling or tracking of young children (Berlinsky and Schady)
Boundary spanning entities are an attractive tool for coordinating policy and services because different ministries (health, education, etc.) are almost always held accountable for coordinating with other sectors (Berlinsky and Schady)