题目内容

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight essential elements identified by the authors as essential to building and strengthening national ECD systems? (Vargas-Baron)

A. Equity and rights
B. Multisectorality, integration, and coordination
C. Governance through participatory ECD policy development and structures
D. Legislation, standards, regulations and agreements
E. Quality improvement and resource development
F. Accountability through ECD management information systems
G. Investment and systemic issues for going to scale
H. Independent, boundary-spanning entity in leadership role
I. Policy advocacy and social communications

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Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean often do not emphasize child outcome standards, particularly in relation to learning, as there is a hesitancy to specify what young children should know and be able to do, and also a fear that specifying outcomes might lead to unfair and premature labeling or tracking of young children (Berlinsky and Schady)

Boundary spanning entities are an attractive tool for coordinating policy and services because different ministries (health, education, etc.) are almost always held accountable for coordinating with other sectors (Berlinsky and Schady)

A boundary spanning entity is an institution with an explicit mandate to coordinate efforts among the relevant institutions (Berlinsky and Schady)

What are the four pillars that support implementation of public policy in early childhood? Check all four! (Berlinsky and Schady)

A. Governance
B. Finance
C. An independent ECD office
D. Quality assurance
E. Human capacity
F. Organizing health office

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