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A 59-year-old man has recently noticed blood in his urine. Cystoscopy shows a 4-cm exophytic mass involving the right bladder mucosa near the trigone. Biopsy specimens are obtained, and the patient undergoes a radical cystectomy. Examination of the excised specimen shows that a grade IV urothelial cell carcinoma has infiltrated the bladder wall. Which of the following statements regarding these findings is most appropriate? _ _

A. The neoplasm is a metastasis
B. The patient has a poorly differentiated neoplasm
C. A paraneoplastic syndrome is likely
D. The stage of the neoplasm is low
E. The patient is probably cured of the cancer

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An epidemiologic study analyzes health-care benefits of cancer screening techniques applied to a population. Which of the following diagnostic screening techniques used in health care is most likely to have had the greatest impact on reduction in cancer deaths in developed nations? _ _

A. Chest radiograph
B. Stool guaiac
C. Pap smear
D. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen assay
E. Urinalysis

During a routine health maintenance examination, a 46-year-old man is found to have an enlarged, nontender supraclavicular lymph node that is palpable on physical examination. The 2-cm node is excised. Histologically, the nodal architecture is effaced by a monomorphous population of small lymphocytes. Which of the following procedures would best confirm that the patient has a malignancy? _ _

A. Peripheral WBC count and differential cell count
B. Flow cytometry of nodal tissue for DNA content
C. Electron microscopy to determine cellular ultrastructure
D. Southern blot analysis to demonstrate monoclonality
E. Determination of the serum lactate dehydrogenase level

A 56-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus goes to the emergency department because he has had left-sided chest pain that radiates to the arm for the past 5 hours. Serial measurements of serum creatine kinase-MB levels show an elevated level 24 hours after the onset of pain. Partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time are normal. Coronary angiography shows occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Which of the following mechanisms is the most likely cause of thrombosis in this patient _ _

A. Stasis of blood flow
B. Damage to endothelium
C. Decreased production of tissue plasminogen activator by intact endothelial cells
Decreased antithrombin III level
E. Mutation in factor gene Ⅴ

An experiment is conducted in which platelet function is analyzed. A substance is obtained from the dense bodies (delta granules) of normal pooled platelet from healthy blood donors. When this substance is added to platelets obtained from patients with a bleeding disorder, no platelet aggregation occurs. Adding the substance to platelets from a normal control group induces platelet aggregation. Which of the following substances is most likely to produce this effect _ _

Adenosine diphosphate
B. Antithrombin III
C. Fibronectin
D. Thromboxane A2
E. Plasminogen

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