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During a routine health maintenance examination, a 46-year-old man is found to have an enlarged, nontender supraclavicular lymph node that is palpable on physical examination. The 2-cm node is excised. Histologically, the nodal architecture is effaced by a monomorphous population of small lymphocytes. Which of the following procedures would best confirm that the patient has a malignancy? _ _

A. Peripheral WBC count and differential cell count
B. Flow cytometry of nodal tissue for DNA content
C. Electron microscopy to determine cellular ultrastructure
D. Southern blot analysis to demonstrate monoclonality
E. Determination of the serum lactate dehydrogenase level

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A 56-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus goes to the emergency department because he has had left-sided chest pain that radiates to the arm for the past 5 hours. Serial measurements of serum creatine kinase-MB levels show an elevated level 24 hours after the onset of pain. Partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time are normal. Coronary angiography shows occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Which of the following mechanisms is the most likely cause of thrombosis in this patient _ _

A. Stasis of blood flow
B. Damage to endothelium
C. Decreased production of tissue plasminogen activator by intact endothelial cells
Decreased antithrombin III level
E. Mutation in factor gene Ⅴ

An experiment is conducted in which platelet function is analyzed. A substance is obtained from the dense bodies (delta granules) of normal pooled platelet from healthy blood donors. When this substance is added to platelets obtained from patients with a bleeding disorder, no platelet aggregation occurs. Adding the substance to platelets from a normal control group induces platelet aggregation. Which of the following substances is most likely to produce this effect _ _

Adenosine diphosphate
B. Antithrombin III
C. Fibronectin
D. Thromboxane A2
E. Plasminogen

In an experiment, thrombus formation is studied in areas of vascular damage. After a thrombus forms in an area of vascular injury, the propagation of the thrombus to normal arteries is prevented. Researches identify a substance that diminishes thrombus propagation by binding to thrombin, converting it to a procoagulant that activates protein C. Which of the following substance is most likely to produce this effect_ _

A. Calcium
B. Fibrin
C. Platelet factor 4
D. Prothrombin
E. Thrombomodulin

A 44-year-old man has an acute myocardial infarction. Four days later, his ejection fraction is 25%, and cardiac output is reduced. The patient becomes increasingly dyspneic, and a chest radiograph shows bilateral pulmonary edema. These pulmonary findings are most likely caused by which of the following mechanisms _ _

A. Lymphatic obstruction
B. Decreased plasma osmotic pressure
C. Decreased central venous pressure
D. Increased hydrostatic pressure
E. Acute inflammation

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