New communications technologies such as cell phones and the Internet give companies new media for interacting with targeted consumers, but these new technologies also give consumers more control over the advertising messages they receive.
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As mass markets have fragmented, marketers have shifted away from mass marketing.
Direct marketing includes catalogs, direct-response TV, kiosks, the Internet, and mobile marketing.
Disintermediation occurs when radically new types of channel intermediaries displace traditional ones.
In a vertical marketing system, two or more companies at one level join together to take advantage of a new marketing opportunity.