As mass markets have fragmented, marketers have shifted away from mass marketing.
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Direct marketing includes catalogs, direct-response TV, kiosks, the Internet, and mobile marketing.
Disintermediation occurs when radically new types of channel intermediaries displace traditional ones.
In a vertical marketing system, two or more companies at one level join together to take advantage of a new marketing opportunity.
A non-corporate VMS integrates successive stages of production and distribution under single ownership.