Which of the following is not the mechanism of ammonia intoxication ( )
A. Interference with cerebral energy metabolism
B. Influencing the synthesis of neurotransmitters
C. Direct harmful effect on the neuronal membrane
Decreased level of glutamine
E. Decreased level of glutamic acid and acetylcholine (Ach)
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The main cause of the organic failure stage (refractory stage or microcirculatory failure stage) of shock is()
Acid-base disturbances
B. Failure of vasoconstriction response or DIC
Cardiac dysfunction
D. Serious renal dysfunction
E. Lung edema
Stress refers to the response of the body to any environmental stimulus, which is ()
A. Specific response
B. Functional response
C. Adaptive and defensive response
D. Metabolic response
E. Protective response
Which of the following is the core neuroendocrine response in stress response? ()
A. Epinephrine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Insulin
D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
E. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which of the following is the central integrating site of sympathetic nerves during stress responses? ()
A. Locus ceruleus (LC)
B. The islets of Langerhans
C. Adrenal gland
D. Parathyroid gland
E. Paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
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