The main cause of the organic failure stage (refractory stage or microcirculatory failure stage) of shock is()
Acid-base disturbances
B. Failure of vasoconstriction response or DIC
Cardiac dysfunction
D. Serious renal dysfunction
E. Lung edema
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Stress refers to the response of the body to any environmental stimulus, which is ()
A. Specific response
B. Functional response
C. Adaptive and defensive response
D. Metabolic response
E. Protective response
Which of the following is the core neuroendocrine response in stress response? ()
A. Epinephrine
B. Norepinephrine
C. Insulin
D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
E. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Which of the following is the central integrating site of sympathetic nerves during stress responses? ()
A. Locus ceruleus (LC)
B. The islets of Langerhans
C. Adrenal gland
D. Parathyroid gland
E. Paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
Which one of the following is the mostly correct description about heat shock proteins? ()
A. Tissue proteins decomposed when burn-injured
B. Protective proteins synthesized when burn-injured
C. One kind of intercellular ‘molecular chaperone’
D. One kind of acute phase proteins
E. Proteins which can induce shock in response to fever