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The Red Cross is an international organization, which cares for people who are in need of help. A man in a Paris (56) who needs blood, a woman in Mexico who was (57) in an accident, and (58) in India that lost their (59) in a storm may all be (60) by the Red Cross.The Red Cross (61) in almost every country around the (62) . The world Red Cross organizations are sometimes (63) the Sun or the Red Lion. All of these organizations (64) a common aim of (65) to help people in need.The idea of (66) an organization to help the sick and wounded during a war was (67) by Joan Dunant.In 1859, he (68) how people were (69) on a battlefield in Italy. He wanted to help all the wounded people (70) which side they were fighting for. The most important (71) of his work was an international treaty (条约). It (72) prisoners of war, the sick and wounded, and other (73) during a war.The American Red Cross was (74) by Lara Barton in 1881.Today the Cross in the United States provides a number of (75) for the public. 57().
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Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and techniques, and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research. Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist’s function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. (76) Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to do the .job, the equipment used, and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working Conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.(77) Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks", during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management. The industrial psychologist’s function differs from that of the efficiency experts in that the former().
Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and techniques, and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research. Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist’s function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. (76) Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to do the .job, the equipment used, and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working Conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.(77) Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks", during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management. A test in industrial psychology is used to find out().
The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events cover 41. ______ a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual and social movement; yet the historical process 42. ______ which culminates in the ascent of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency 43. ______ can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but nationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution 44. ______ represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modern England became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modern Europe in the 45. ______ end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history should have to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American 46. ______ colonies a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new 47. ______ nation. Here, in the popular rising for a "tyrannical" government, the fruits 48. ______ were more than the securing of a free constitution. They included the growth 49. ______ of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty. With the American nation, in the first time, a nation was born, not in the 50. ______ dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.
Throughout the colonial period there was a remarkable shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas.This shortage enhanced women’s status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. (80) The Puritans (清教徒) regarded idleness (无所事事) as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it necessary that each member of the community perform an economic function. Thus work for women was not only approved but also was regarded as a civic (市民的) duty. Puritan town councils (议会) expected widows (寡妇) and independent women to be self-supporting.There was no social prohibition against married women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home.The vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family.The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partly that of shoes was in the hands of women.In addition to these occupations, women were found in many different kinds of employment.They were butchers, silversmiths and gunsmiths.They ran mills, plantations, shipyards, and every kind of shops.They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, journalists, printers, nurses, and teachers. According to the passage, what did the Puritans expect from married women().
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