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Throughout the colonial period there was a remarkable shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas.This shortage enhanced women’s status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. (80) The Puritans (清教徒) regarded idleness (无所事事) as a sin, and believed that life in an underdeveloped country made it necessary that each member of the community perform an economic function. Thus work for women was not only approved but also was regarded as a civic (市民的) duty. Puritan town councils (议会) expected widows (寡妇) and independent women to be self-supporting.There was no social prohibition against married women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home.The vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family.The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partly that of shoes was in the hands of women.In addition to these occupations, women were found in many different kinds of employment.They were butchers, silversmiths and gunsmiths.They ran mills, plantations, shipyards, and every kind of shops.They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, journalists, printers, nurses, and teachers. According to the passage, what did the Puritans expect from married women().
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Most of us trade money for entertainment.Movies, concerts and shows are enjoyable but expensive. (78) If you think that you can’t have a good time without spending a lot of money, read on. A little resourcefulness and a few minutes of newspaper-scanning should give you some pleasant surprises.People may be the most interesting show in a large city. Stroll through busy streets and see what everybody else is doing.You will probably see people from all over the world; you will certainly see people of every age, size, and shape, and you’ll get a free fashion show, too.Window- shopping is also a safe sport--if the stores are closed.Check the listings in your neighborhood paper.Local colleges or schools often welcome the public to hear an interesting speaker or a good debate.The film or concert series at the local public library probably won’t cost you a penny.Be sure to check commercial advertisements too.A flea market can provide hours of pleasant browsing.Perhaps you can find a free cooking or crafts in a department store.Plan ahead for some activities.It is always more pleasant not to have people in front of you in a museum or at a zoo.You may save some money, too, since these places often set aside one or two free admission days at slow times during the week. (79) Pretend that you are a tourist from time to time, and get to know your city all over again including the indispensable (不可错过的) sights that people travel miles to see. If you feel like taking an interesting walk, find a free walking tour, or plan one yourself.You will see your city in a new perspective (视角) once you know more about its history or its architectural treasures.With imagination and a spirit of adventure you can quite easily find good entertainment at no cost at all. Which Of the following statements is NOT true().
The Red Cross is an international organization, which cares for people who are in need of help. A man in a Paris (56) who needs blood, a woman in Mexico who was (57) in an accident, and (58) in India that lost their (59) in a storm may all be (60) by the Red Cross.The Red Cross (61) in almost every country around the (62) . The world Red Cross organizations are sometimes (63) the Sun or the Red Lion. All of these organizations (64) a common aim of (65) to help people in need.The idea of (66) an organization to help the sick and wounded during a war was (67) by Joan Dunant.In 1859, he (68) how people were (69) on a battlefield in Italy. He wanted to help all the wounded people (70) which side they were fighting for. The most important (71) of his work was an international treaty (条约). It (72) prisoners of war, the sick and wounded, and other (73) during a war.The American Red Cross was (74) by Lara Barton in 1881.Today the Cross in the United States provides a number of (75) for the public. 65().
As much as murder is a staple in mystery stories, so is love. Love may be a four-letter word, or the greatest of the trio of faith, hope, and love. It may appear in a mystery as the driving force behind the plot and the characters. Or it may appear as an aside in a sub-plot, a light spot in a heavy story. But it’s there. Even Valentine knew love was worth dying for. An emotion this strong gets a lot of attention. Love has its own special day, St. Valentine’s Day. According to legend, the Roman emperor Claudius Ⅱ needed soldiers to fight for him in the far reaches of the Roman Empire. He thought married men would rather stay home than go to war for a couple of years, so he outlawed marriage and engagements. This did not stop people from falling in love. Valentine, a priest, secretly married many young couples. For this crime, he was arrested and executed on February 14. St. Valentine’s Day was off to a rocky start. Love, secrecy, crime and death, love prevailed, and the day lost its seamy side. Valentine’s Day became a day to exchange expressions of love. Small children give each other paper hearts. Adults exchange flowers and chocolates. Everyone has an attack of the warm fuzzies. Valentine’s Day was popular in Europe in the early 1800s as a day men brought gifts to the women they loved. Gradually the expectations grew higher, the gifts got bigger, and eventually the holiday collapsed under the weight of the bills. It was revived when the custom of exchanging love letters and love cards replaced the mandatory gifts. A young man’s love was measured in how much time he spent making a card with paper, lace, feathers, beads, and fabric. If the young man wasn’t good with scissors and glue, the job could be hired out to an artist who made house calls. Valentine’s Day grew more popular when machine-made cards became available, and people didn’t have to make their own. In England in 1840, the nation-wide Penny Post made it cheap for everyone to send Valentine cards. In the United States, national cheap postal rates were set in 1845, and valentines filled the mail. "Roses are red, violets are blue" was a popular verse on Valentine cards. Other holidays are associated with particular flowers—the Christmas poinsettia, the Easter lily—but Valentine’s Day has no specific flower. Instead, it has colors—red, pink, and white. Red symbolizes warmth and feeling. White stands for purity. According to one romantic rower’code, messages can be spelled out with flowers. Gardenias say "I love you secretly". Violets say "I return your love". Roses say "I love you passionately". Not surprisingly, the rose is now the top-seeded flower of love. But love mostly goes wrong in mystery stories. Very badly wrong. Somebody do something wrong. Husbands, wives, and lovers kill each other. Or kill for each other. Stack the characters up in any kind of love triangle, and watch how the angles are knocked off. Love is unrequited, thwarted and scorned. Murders are motivated by real or imaginary love, or the lack of it. That famous novelist Ernest Hemingway said, "If two people love each other there can be no happy end to it". So it goes in the mystery. Justice may win, but love is often the loser. In addition to plots driven by love, or the lack of it, there are sleuths who encounter love in the solving of the crime. The handsome or beautiful detective meets the suspect or the client. Their affair grows around, and in spite of, the murder. Think of the movies Casablanca and Chinatown. Barbara D’Amato offers a different twist on this theme in "Hard Feelings". The amateur sleuth meets a suspect or investigating officer and love smolders around the crime. Rose DeShaw’s "Love with the Proper Killer" is such a story. In a series of novels, if the continuing character is living a full life, love enters the storyline somewhere. Dorothy L. Sayers’ sleuth Lord Peter Wimsey fell in love with Harriet Vane while he sleuthed his way through a few books. Sherlock Holmes remained aloof, but Dr. Watson fell in love and married between impossible crimes. There were no such temptations for Hercule Poirot or Jane Marple, but Agatha Christie created Tuppence and Tommy Beresford as a detecting couple. Real crimes are sometimes motivated by love, and are written about in true crime books. E.W. Count describes one such case in "Love is a Risk." "Married to a Murderer," by Alan Russell, follows the crime one step further. Feeling an attack of the warm fuzzies Do something sweet for someone you love. Then do something sweet for yourself. Settle back with soft music and savor the online mysteries of love and romance in the Valentine and Romance Mysteries sections of this site. The passage may be ______.
The Red Cross is an international organization, which cares for people who are in need of help. A man in a Paris (56) who needs blood, a woman in Mexico who was (57) in an accident, and (58) in India that lost their (59) in a storm may all be (60) by the Red Cross.The Red Cross (61) in almost every country around the (62) . The world Red Cross organizations are sometimes (63) the Sun or the Red Lion. All of these organizations (64) a common aim of (65) to help people in need.The idea of (66) an organization to help the sick and wounded during a war was (67) by Joan Dunant.In 1859, he (68) how people were (69) on a battlefield in Italy. He wanted to help all the wounded people (70) which side they were fighting for. The most important (71) of his work was an international treaty (条约). It (72) prisoners of war, the sick and wounded, and other (73) during a war.The American Red Cross was (74) by Lara Barton in 1881.Today the Cross in the United States provides a number of (75) for the public. 70().
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