Question 2Imagine someone said that Milgram's obedience experiments showed that people are slaves to authority. What specific name would Ross and Nisbett give to this type of interpretation?
A Channel Factor
B. The Fundamental Attribution Error
C. False Consensus
D. Cognitive Dissonance
E. The Fundamental Cognitive Error
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Question 10John has been a smoker for 20 years and does not believe that smoking is bad for him. He often says “My grandfather smoked all his life and died when he was 92”. What sort of cognitive bias is this an example of?
A. False consensus
B. Availability bias
Confirmation bias
D. Anti-establishment bias
E. Anchoring bias
Question 9To illustrate the false consensus effect, we presented some results from the "About You" survey in Think101. What did we find?
A. People who indicated that they have had something strange happen to them that science can't explain tended to think that the majority of their fellow thinkers would indicate that nothing strange has happened to them that science can't explain; and vice versa: people who indicated that nothing strange has happened to them that science can't explain tended to think that the majority of their fellow thinkers have had something strange happen to them that science can't explain.
B. People tended to believe that there are two sides to the story and that the truth must be somewhere in the middle.
C. People generally presumed nefarious intent behind the official position of the government or the pharmaceutical industry or scientists.
D. People who indicated that they have had something strange happen to them that science can't explain tended to estimate that the majority of their fellow thinkers would agree with them; and vice versa: people who indicated that nothing strange has happened to them that science can't explain estimated that the majority of their fellow thinkers would agree with them.
E. People rated themselves as better than their fellow thinkers in terms of their performance.
Question 8In our discussion of "evidence-based evidence," when are we most vulnerable to being swayed to see, hear, or remember something that didn't happen?
A. When you are an expert in a particular domain.
B. When you are "blind" to the information you're examining.
C. When we are presented with high quality information.
D. When someone's livelihood is at stake.
E. When the information is noisy or ambiguous.
Question 7Which of the following would not be a way to minimise the expectancy effect?
A. Informing a jury about what to listen for when trying to make sense of a noisy emergency call.
B. Removing the name and identifying information from students' essays before grading them.
C. Not providing a DNA analyst with extraneous information about the crime.
D. Keeping the hypotheses of an experiment hidden from the person who is scoring the results.
E. Blinding a researcher to which participants belong to the control group or the test group.
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