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Question 8In our discussion of "evidence-based evidence," when are we most vulnerable to being swayed to see, hear, or remember something that didn't happen?

A. When you are an expert in a particular domain.
B. When you are "blind" to the information you're examining.
C. When we are presented with high quality information.
D. When someone's livelihood is at stake.
E. When the information is noisy or ambiguous.

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Question 7Which of the following would not be a way to minimise the expectancy effect?

A. Informing a jury about what to listen for when trying to make sense of a noisy emergency call.
B. Removing the name and identifying information from students' essays before grading them.
C. Not providing a DNA analyst with extraneous information about the crime.
D. Keeping the hypotheses of an experiment hidden from the person who is scoring the results.
E. Blinding a researcher to which participants belong to the control group or the test group.

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Question 6When proponents of facilitated communication provide anecdotes on the effectiveness of the technique, and when critics of facilitated communication refer to the absence of evidence, it's tempting to remain passive and to believe that there are two sides to the story. What was the name we used to describe this heuristic?

Anti-establishment heuristic
B. Availability heuristic
C. Burden of proof heuristic
D. Confirmation heuristic
E. It must be in the middle heuristic

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MEET RUDYMy cousin, Rudy, is a bit on the peculiar side. He has unusual tastes in movies and art, he is married to a performer, and he has tattoos on various parts of his body. In his spare time Rudy takes yoga classes and likes to collect 78 rpm records. An outgoing and rather boisterous person, he has been known to act on a dare on more than one occasion. What do you think Rudy’s occupation most likely is?我的侄子Rudy有很多奇特的地方。他对于电影和艺术有特殊的品味，他和一个表演家结婚了而且他在身体上的很多地方纹上了纹身。业余时间里他会去上瑜伽课而且他还喜欢收集78rpm记录。作为一个外向且非常吵闹的人，他以勇于挑战各种各样的情景而闻名。你认为Rudy的职业最可能是什么？

A. Farmer 农民
B. Librarian 图书馆管理员
C. Trapeze Artist 吊杆艺术家
D. Surgeon 外科医生
E. Lawyer 律师

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Question 3问题3In a follow-up experiment by Nisbett and Wilson, they asked people to choose from these four pairs of identical stockings, and people showed the very same effect as their first experiment. But now they asked people why they chose that particular pair. People said things like "I really liked the color of that one, the knit, the sheen, the elasticity" — even though the four pairs were identical. What did Nisbett and Wilson conclude?在Nisbett 和Wilson随后做的跟踪实验里，同样要求人们从四双一样的袜子里挑选最好的一双袜子，而显示的结果和第一个试验一样。但是这次他们会问人们为什么觉得选择的那双是最好的。人们会回答如“我非常喜欢那双的颜色、织法、光泽、弹性”－即使着四双袜子其实是一模一样的。Nisbett 和Wilson得出的结论是什么？

A. People didn't understand the question and therefore had no real insight into the determinants of their own behavior.人们并不理解这个问题，因此对他们自己行为的决定因素没有真正的了解。
B. People had very little insight into why they selected the four pairs equally often.人们自己也不理解他们为什么会平均地选择四双袜子。
C. People seemed to be completely unaware that the order of the stockings might influence their choice.人们完全没有意识到袜子的顺序影响了他们的选择。
D. People thought that they would be more likely to pick pairs of stockings that were on the right side, compared to the left side.人们认为相较于左边的袜子，他们更可能选放在右边的袜子。
E. People realized that the four pairs of stockings were identical, so they were no more likely to pick one over the other.人们意识到四双袜子是一样的，所以他们不可能从中挑出更好的一双。

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Question 8In our discussion of "evidence-based evidence," when are we most vulnerable to being swayed to see, hear, or remember something that didn't happen?

A. When you are an expert in a particular domain. B. When you are "blind" to the information you're examining. C. When we are presented with high quality information. D. When someone's livelihood is at stake. E. When the information is noisy or ambiguous.

Question 7Which of the following would not be a way to minimise the expectancy effect?

A. When you are an expert in a particular domain.
B. When you are "blind" to the information you're examining.
C. When we are presented with high quality information.
D. When someone's livelihood is at stake.
E. When the information is noisy or ambiguous.