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Do you ask yourself any of these questions What is abstract art Is it the same thing as Modern Art How can I interpret and evaluate a piece of abstract art Can it have a subject or a meaning Are there different types of abstract art If you want to discover the answers, and ask more questions, this course is for you! Abstraction is not a style of art, like for example, Baroque or Cubism. It is, rather, about the subject matter and our reading of it. An artist expressing the beauty of a landscape can paint a picture of the landscape, but how can an artist make a piece of artwork about an emotion such as fear, or an idea such as purity, or a quality of a painting such as shape, weight or rhythm It might be worth considering your expectations of some other art forms, music and dance for example. The art critic Herbert Read wrote in 1931, "We must not be afraid of this word ’abstract’. All art is primarily abstract". But many people are afraid of abstract art, and feel that it is alien territory! In this course we will approach abstract art via art with which we, perhaps, feel more comfortable and learn to extend our skills of interpretation and understanding. We will also make sure that terms bandied around in art speak such as "abstract", "figurative", "realism", "representational" are clearly defined. We will explore what we mean by realism and abstraction in Western art by looking at images from the ancient Egyptians, through Classical art, early Christian and Mediaeval art, to the Renaissance, until the late 19th century. We will then explore the break with convention in Modernism, look at experiments with colour and form in the early Modern era, and at some of the key ideas of the first abstract artists. We will examine the historical, social and political context of early Modernism, against the backdrop of rapid industrialization, the Bolshevik revolution and the years leading to the great war. Abstract Art flourished in the 1950s, after the Second World War, with the way being led by American Abstract Expressionism. Why the sudden outpouring of huge abstract paintings Could anyone do the "splash and drip" technique And why did so many abstract painters, including Marc Rothko and Jackson Pollock, meet untimely violent deaths Finally, we will ask. why does abstract art appear to be relatively unfashionable in our Post Modernist times, and has it got a future or shall we relegate it to the art history books This article is most probably ______.
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This has exposed the Convention to proposals to adopt a number of false solutions which perpetuate biodiversity destruction, climate change and erosion of people’s rights, especially those of women, indigenous peoples and local communities. Healthy ecosystems and biodiversity are vital for regulating the climate. False climate solutions which harm biodiversity, communities and ecosystems will further destabilise the climate. They also result in the displacement of, and the loss of rights of indigenous peoples and local communities. We are already witnessing such severe impacts, as the result of false solutions which are currently being implemented on a large scale: Agrofuel (also called biofuel) crops, and industrial tree plantations, which U. N. bodies falsely refer to as "afforestation and reforestation". To make matters worse, certification schemes, standards and criteria falsely promote these damaging activities as being "environmentally sustainable". A range of other false solutions have also been proposed and some of them are already beginning to be implemented. These also threaten to have grave impacts on biodiversity, climate stability and the rights of people. They do not address the root causes of climate change but have the potential to worsen the crisis, and include. GE trees for industrial tree plantations that will be used as agrofuels and "carbon sinks" ; Ocean- "fertilisation" ( for example dumping iron particles in the sea) Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS); This includes fossil fuel combustion with CCS and bioenergy with CCS; Soil carbon sequestration schemes linked to industrial agriculture. Corporations are also promoting false solutions for climate change adaptation. Those include genetic engineering, using patented genes to induce resistance in crops to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures. At a time when rampant free market capitalism has led to financial crisis, with skyrocketing oil and food prices, market based "innovative" financial mechanisms are still being promoted to commodity nature including, carbon trading, carbon offsets, payments for environmental services, REDD, and biodiversity offsets. These "solutions" are more likely to endanger biodiversity, climate and communities. Such false solutions are really for the benefit of corporations. The real agenda behind this is to increase corporate control over land, forests, water, agriculture and biodiversity, using climate change and the biodiversity crisis as an opportunity to further these objectives. This is a new 21st century phase of colonialism. These false solutions are facilitated by false definitions and language. For example, tree plantations are referred to as "forests" and intensive industrial agriculture is Called a "Green Revolution". We call on the international negotiators and representatives of the different sectors and NGOs at CBD COP9 to oppose any intent to water down the Convention and perpetuate corporate interests. They must reject GE trees, industrial agrofuels and plantations, carbon trading and offsets; ocean fertilization, climate ready genes, another destructive "Green Revolution" and any other false solution that ignores and harms community rights, including those of indigenous peoples, degrades ecosystems, and constitutes a threat to biodiversity and climate. All of the following are euphemisms for the false solutions listed in the passage EXCEPT ______.
One of the most vivid symbols of global warming is the torrents of melt water that drain from the lakes that form each summer on Greenland’s ice sheet. Recent studies have shown that this water, which flows deep into the ice through natural drainpipes called moulins, allows the ice to slide faster over bedrock toward the ocean. And the faster the ice flows, the faster sea levels rise. But a Dutch study using 17 years of satellite measurements in western Greenland suggests that the movement associated with the meltwater is not as rapid as had been feared. The acceleration appears to be a transient summer phenomenon, the researchers said, with the yearly movement actually dropping slightly in some places. "The positive-feedback ,mechanism between melt rate and ice velocity," says the report, published Friday in the journal Science, "appears to be a seasonal process that may have only a limited effect on the response of the ice sheet to climate warming over the next decades." Greenland is still losing more ice through melting than it gains through snowfall, other measurements show. The study was led by Roderik S. W. van de Wal of the Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research of the University of Utrecht. He said the overall slowdown might be because of changing plumbing deep inside the ice. The study builds on earlier work also showing a limited overall change in ice flow from the surface melting. The authors and independent experts familiar with the research stressed that the findings did not preclude the possibility that more widespread surface melting could eventually destabilize big areas of Greenland, the world’s second largest ice storehouse. Richard B. Alley, a glaciologist at Pennsylvania State University, said that big lakes were likely to form as areas of melting spread inland, and that this could unlock new ice regions to start sliding more. But Dr. Alley and other experts said the new study showed that it was unlikely that Greenland’s ice had already become destabilized in ways that could cause a surge in sea levels. The word "transient" in the 2nd paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
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根据下面某客户的个人资产负债表，完成以下各题：客户：王先生日期：2006年12月31日资产金额(元)负债与净资产金额(元)金融资产负债20000现金及现金等价物信用卡透支5000现金5000住房贷款50000活期存款10000负债总计75000货币市场基金15000现金及现金等价物小计30000其他金融资产净资产2355000股票740000其他基金投资150000保险理财产品10000其他金融资产小计900000实物资产自住房900000投资的房地产600000机动车实物资产小计1500000资产总计2430000负债与净资产总计2430000 理财规划师在为客户制订投资规划的时候，主要应对以下几个指标进行分析 从王先生的个人资产负债表中，可以得出他的清偿比率是：( )。
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