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Firth defines meaning as the relationship between an element at any level and its context on that level. The first one is[填空1] level--the relationship of each phoneme to its phonological context. Next, the lexical and[填空2]level—the relationship of each lexical item to the others in a sentence. Then, the[填空3]level --morphological relations of each word. And then the [填空4]level-- the sentence type of which the given sentence is an example. The last is the [填空5] level--the relationship of the sentence to its context of situation.

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Firth proposes context of situation, which is subdivided into [填空1] context and[填空2] context. The former includes the entire cultural setting of speech and the personal history of the participants The latter refers to the probability of one word’s co-occurrence or collocation with another.

Halliday’s theory combines the [填空1] and [填空2] of language together, that is, how to use the former realize the latter in communication.

In general, there are three metafunctions of language and three corresponding systems of language:ideaitonal function, interpersonal function and textual function. The first is realized through the system of[填空1]; the second is realized through the system of[填空2]; and the last is realized through the system of [填空3].

There are three functional constituents in the system of transitivity:[填空1]), participant and circumstances .

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