Using information transfer devices and designing comprehension questions are the two major types of activities to focus student's attention on the main meaning and information of the text.
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Scanning is to read quickly to get the gist (the main idea). While, skimming is to read to locate specific information.
Teaching reading usually involves three stages to develop students reading strategies and to increase their language efficiency: pre-reading; while-reading and post-reading.
While-reading activities aim to focus attention on the main meaning and information of the text.
Predicting and setting the scene are the two major activity types in pre-reading stage.