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What is the photon flux of the solar simulator (in \(10^{21} m^{-2}s^{-1}\))? ______

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In state-of-the-art crystalline silicon solar cells technology, based on p-type silicon, a back surface field (BSF) is implemented. This BSF is implemented, because in this way:

A. The barrier for hole collection at the back contact is reduced, increasing the surface recombination velocity at the back contact.
B. The barrier for electron collection at the back contact is reduced, decreasing the surface recombination velocity at the back contact.
C. A barrier is created for hole collection at the back contact, increasing the surface recombination velocity at the back contact.
D. A barrier is created for electron collection at the back contact, decreasing the surface recombination velocity at the back contact.

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Imagine that you are in the lab and you can decide the thickness of the Si layer of your solar cell. You want to optimize the solar cell performance for a wavelength of \(\lambda=1000nm\), for which the absorption coefficient is \(\alpha(1000nm)=10^2cm^{-1}\). Which of the following thicknesses \(d_{Si}\) would give a better performance? Take into account that you already know two things:\((1)\) Beer-Lambert's law.\((2)\) For silicon, the minority carrier diffusivity is around \(D=27 cm^2/s\) and the minority carrier lifetime is around \(\tau=15\mu s\).

A. \(d_{Si}=100\mu m\)
B. \(d_{Si}=180\mu m\)
C. \(d_{Si}=300\mu m\)

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We have discussed that a bare crystalline silicon surface contains many defects which act as SRH recombination centers. How can the surface recombination at the air/n-silicon interface be reduced?Note that you can mark more than one answer.

A. By decreasing the doping of the n-layer.
By increasing the doping of the n-layer.
C. By depositing a thin insulating layer on top of the n-layer.
D. By depositing a thin conductive layer on top of the n-layer.

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Consider a c-Si solar cell whose fingers have a resistance \(R=0.1\Omega\). What would be the finger's resistance (in \(\Omega\)) if the finger's width is doubled and the finger's height is one third of its initial value? ______

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