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Question 10When introducing the last of the 6 leads of opinion change: "Is it worth finding out about, or is it a case of why not?", we introduced a word of caution. What was this caveat?当我们介绍到最后一条导线“它值得探索吗？还是这只是一个选择问题？“ 时，我们提出了一个警告。这个警告是什么？

A. There may be a way of stating the evidence in a way that allows you to use this new information rather than just rejecting it outright. 或许有一种说明证据的方式，某种程度上来说，这种方式让你能利用新信息，而不是彻底拒绝它们。
B. Support for an opinion can't always be based on formal data or experiments. 对一个观点的支持不总是基于正经的数据或者实验.
C. People might simply use the excuse that "the cost is low, so why not?", and continue to hold the opinion in question without considering the other 5 leads. 人们可能用“这样做成本低，那为何不这么做呢“这样的的借口（让自己不再思考），不再考虑那五条导线，继续坚持先前的观念。
D. It's really tempting to think that things are either for you or against you. 人们很愿意考虑事情对自己究竟有没有好处。
E. If you can't think of something that would change your mind, then it's really time to be cautious. 如果你真想不到什么能改变你的想法，那你就真的要小心了。

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Question 9We described the difficulty of opinion change and introduced 6 leads to help you reconcile evidence that contradicts an opinion that you think is likely to be true. Complete the fifth lead: "If the current evidence is insufficient to make you change your mind, _________________________________?我们说明了改变人的思想有多么困难，还介绍了改变思想的六种导线。这六种导线能帮助你把你已确信的事实和与之相反的证据相互协调。现在来填空，第五条导线是：“如果现有证据都不足以让你改变思想，＿＿＿＿＿？

A. how good is the evidence? 证据充分吗？
B. what do you really believe anyway? 你究竟相信什么？
C. does the evidence really contradict what you already believe? 证据是否真的和你所相信的矛盾?
D. how well based is the opinion that you already hold? 你已有的观点是否有足够的证据支撑？
E. what evidence would be sufficient? 什么样的证据才足够充分？

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Question 7In Daniel Kahneman's autobiography, he described a situation where he was teaching flight instructors about skill learning, and a seasoned instructor in the audience raised his hand and said:"On many occasions I have praised flight cadets for clean execution of some aerobatic maneuver, and in general when they try it again, they do worse. On the other hand, I have often screamed at cadets for bad execution, and in general they do better the next time. So please don't tell us that reinforcement works and punishment does not, because the opposite is the case."在Daniel Kahneman自传中, 他提到过这样一个情景。他在教飞行教官们技能习得的知识的时候，一个经验丰富的教官举手说到："有许多这样的情况：当学员们完美地完成了特技飞行演习的任务时，我就表扬他们。不过他们当他们再飞一次，他们表现的反而更差了。另一方面, 我也常常对那些笨手笨脚的学员大吼大叫, 他们再次尝试的时候就表现的更好了。所以别再说什么加强训练和惩罚没用的鬼话了，我这例子的跟你说的刚好相反。"What phenomenon can help to explain the flight instructor's experience? 以下哪种现象可以解释这位飞行教官的经历？

A. Superstitious belief 迷信
B. Multiple independent error factors 多个独立的误差因素
C. Regression toward the mean 回归均值
D. Illusory correlation 错觉关联
E. Source amnesia 来源遗忘

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Question 6In our conversation with Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, they equated "myth busting" with: 在和Adam Savage 以及Jamie Hyneman的对话中，他们把“揭秘神话”看作是：

A. coming up with a better method for doing something. 想出办事情的更好方法。
B. being wrong and admitting when you've made a mistake.犯错并且承认自己犯错。
C. understanding your shortcomings.理解自己的短处。
D. doing a good job of understanding the world.把理解世界这件事做好。
E. asking/answering questions and thinking critically through a problem.问问题或者回答问题，批判地思考问题。

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Question 5Imagine that you're a teacher, and you want to know how well your students understand the material that you presented throughout a 12 week course. Given what you now know about Multiple Independent Error Factors, which of the following measures would provide the best insight into their knowledge of the material?你现在是个老师，你想知道你给学生上的这十二周的课他们掌握的有多好。学了Multiple Independent Error Factors(多个独立的误差因素）的知识之后,（请你判断）下边那种策略能最好地衡量出他们对课程的掌握情况？

A final exam 期末考试
B. A reflective essay 一篇思辨散文
C. Weekly quizzes 每周的小测试
D. A debate 一场辩论
E. An interview 一次面试

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