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Question 9We described the difficulty of opinion change and introduced 6 leads to help you reconcile evidence that contradicts an opinion that you think is likely to be true. Complete the fifth lead: "If the current evidence is insufficient to make you change your mind, _________________________________?我们说明了改变人的思想有多么困难，还介绍了改变思想的六种导线。这六种导线能帮助你把你已确信的事实和与之相反的证据相互协调。现在来填空，第五条导线是：“如果现有证据都不足以让你改变思想，＿＿＿＿＿？

A. how good is the evidence? 证据充分吗？
B. what do you really believe anyway? 你究竟相信什么？
C. does the evidence really contradict what you already believe? 证据是否真的和你所相信的矛盾?
D. how well based is the opinion that you already hold? 你已有的观点是否有足够的证据支撑？
E. what evidence would be sufficient? 什么样的证据才足够充分？

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Question 7In Daniel Kahneman's autobiography, he described a situation where he was teaching flight instructors about skill learning, and a seasoned instructor in the audience raised his hand and said:"On many occasions I have praised flight cadets for clean execution of some aerobatic maneuver, and in general when they try it again, they do worse. On the other hand, I have often screamed at cadets for bad execution, and in general they do better the next time. So please don't tell us that reinforcement works and punishment does not, because the opposite is the case."在Daniel Kahneman自传中, 他提到过这样一个情景。他在教飞行教官们技能习得的知识的时候，一个经验丰富的教官举手说到："有许多这样的情况：当学员们完美地完成了特技飞行演习的任务时，我就表扬他们。不过他们当他们再飞一次，他们表现的反而更差了。另一方面, 我也常常对那些笨手笨脚的学员大吼大叫, 他们再次尝试的时候就表现的更好了。所以别再说什么加强训练和惩罚没用的鬼话了，我这例子的跟你说的刚好相反。"What phenomenon can help to explain the flight instructor's experience? 以下哪种现象可以解释这位飞行教官的经历？

A. Superstitious belief 迷信
B. Multiple independent error factors 多个独立的误差因素
C. Regression toward the mean 回归均值
D. Illusory correlation 错觉关联
E. Source amnesia 来源遗忘

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Question 6In our conversation with Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, they equated "myth busting" with: 在和Adam Savage 以及Jamie Hyneman的对话中，他们把“揭秘神话”看作是：

A. coming up with a better method for doing something. 想出办事情的更好方法。
B. being wrong and admitting when you've made a mistake.犯错并且承认自己犯错。
C. understanding your shortcomings.理解自己的短处。
D. doing a good job of understanding the world.把理解世界这件事做好。
E. asking/answering questions and thinking critically through a problem.问问题或者回答问题，批判地思考问题。

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Question 5Imagine that you're a teacher, and you want to know how well your students understand the material that you presented throughout a 12 week course. Given what you now know about Multiple Independent Error Factors, which of the following measures would provide the best insight into their knowledge of the material?你现在是个老师，你想知道你给学生上的这十二周的课他们掌握的有多好。学了Multiple Independent Error Factors(多个独立的误差因素）的知识之后,（请你判断）下边那种策略能最好地衡量出他们对课程的掌握情况？

A final exam 期末考试
B. A reflective essay 一篇思辨散文
C. Weekly quizzes 每周的小测试
D. A debate 一场辩论
E. An interview 一次面试

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Question 4What cognitive explanation did we give for the response by students in Question 3?怎么解释问题三中学生的反应？

A. People feel silly changing their mind in public.人们觉得当众改变自己的想法显得自己好蠢.
B. The students couldn't remember the new evidence that Jason presented.学生们会忘记Jason 给他们看的新证据.
C. People like their own beliefs and are reluctant to change their minds.人们还是喜欢自己的信念，不情愿改变想法.
D. It's difficult to reconcile new evidence with a known set of facts.协调新证据和已知事实很困难。
E. Our beliefs are important to us, so we tend to protect ourselves by hanging on to them.信念对我们来说很重要，所以我们倾向于坚持信念来保护自己。

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