Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsocialecologyarecorrect?
A. MurrayBookchin(1921–2006)wasasocialecologist.Socialecologistsdifferfromdeepecologistsbecausesocialecologistsdonotthinkthatdeepecologistsgiveenoughemphasistotherolesthatcapitalismandgovernmentplayinnature'sdestruction.
Bookchin'sworldviewhaselementsofMarxismanddeepecologythatareunitedtoamoregeneralpurpose:usingtheworldviewcreatedbythesevaluestoreformsocietyfromtoptobottom.
C. Thisviewhasbeencharacterizedas"social/politicalanarchism"and"libertariansocialecology."UnlikemostMarxists,Bookchindoesnotbelieveineconomicdeterminismorinthedictatorshipoftheproletariat.
D. TheaspectofMarxthatBookchinmostadmiresistheanalysisofsocialdomination.Wecaneasilyseehowacceptingthetenetsofdeepecology(especiallytheredefinitionofself)canleadtoamorecooperativesocialorganization.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutecofeminisimarecorrect?
A. LikeMarxistfeminists,socialistfeministsseenonhumannatureasthematerialbasisofhumanlife,supplyingthenecessitiesoffood,clothing,shelter,andenergy.
B. Whileradicalfeminismhasdelvedmoredeeplyintothewoman/natureconnection,socialistfeminismhasthepotentialforamorethoroughcritiqueofthedominationissue.
C. Theconceptisthataconnectionexistsbetweentheaspectsofdominationthathumansexertonthebiosphereandthemale-dominatedsocialsystemthatexertsdominationoverwomen.
D. Thevariousaspectsofthislogicofdominationarecentraltoeco-feminism.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsocialistecofeminisimarecorrect?
A. Socialistecofeminismgroundsitsanalysisincapitalistpatriarchyandwouldtotallyrestructure,throughasocialistrevolution,thedominationofwomenandnatureinherentinthemarketeconomy'suseofbothasresources.
B. Forsocialistecofeminism,environmentalproblemsarerootedintheriseofcapitalistpatriarchyandtheideologythattheEarthandnaturecanbeexploitedforhumanprogressthroughtechnology.
C. Historically,theriseofcapitalismerodedthesubsistence-basedfarmandcityworkshopinwhichproductionwasorientedtowardusevaluesandmenandwomenwereeconomicpartners.
D. Socialistfeminismincorporatesmanyoftheinsightsofradicalfeminism,butviewsbothnatureandhumannatureashistoricallyandsociallyconstructed.Humannatureisseenastheproductofhistoricallychanginginteractionsbetweenhumansandnature,menandwomen,classes,andraces.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutecofeminisimarecorrect?
A. Historically,liberalfeministshavearguedthatwomendonotdifferfrommenasrationalagentsandthatexclusionfromeducationalandeconomicopportunitieshavepreventedthemfromrealizingtheirownpotentialforcreativityinallspheresofhumanlife.
B. Radicalecofeminismanalyzesenvironmentalproblemsfromwithinitscritiqueofpatriarchyandoffersalternativesthatcouldliberatebothwomenandnature.
C. Radicalfeminismdevelopedinthelate1960sand1970swiththesecondwaveoffeminism.TheradicalformofecofeminismisaresponsetotheperceptionthatwomenandnaturehavebeenmutuallyassociatedanddevaluedinWesterncultureandthatbothcanbeelevatedandliberatedthroughdirectpoliticalaction.
D. CarolynMerchant'sclassicessayshowshowmainstreamfeministtheorymightprofitfromadoptingtheecofeministmodel.BehindthismodelareassumptionsthatarenottoodissimilartoBookchin'spreviousessay,exceptthatthefocusisonthedominationofwomeninthecontextofdomination,ingeneral.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutecofeminisimarecorrect?
A. KarenJ.Warrenseekstoportrayecofeminismasanessentialelementinanyenvironmentalethicaltheory.
B. Sheidentifieseightpointsoffeminismthatcenteronthepluralismandcontextualismthataremissinginthecurrentsocialclimate.
C. AkeyfeaturethatshouldbenotedisthatWarrendoesnotbelievethatanyobjectivesocial–ethicaltheorycaneverbeproposed.
D. Thequestionthenbecomes:whichbiasedtheoryisbetter?Afterproposingthefeministposition,sheemendseachoftheeightpointswitheco-feminismobjectivestoshowhowsimilarthesetwoworldviewsare,andthattheyshouldthereforebeacceptedasapackage.
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