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Employee Motivation PrinciplesNo matter how experienced a leader you are, chances are at times you have struggled to motivate certain individuals. The granddaddy of motivation theory, Frederick Herzberg, called traditional motivation strategies "KITA" (something similar to Kick In The Pants). He used the analogy of a dog. When the master wants his dog to move, he either gives it a nudge from behind, in which case the dog moves because it doesn’t have much choice, or he offers it a treat as an inducement, in which case it is not so much motivated by wanting to move as by wanting choc drops! KITA does the job (though arguably not sustainable) but it’s hard work. Wouldn’t it be better if the dog wanted to move by itself(8) They are about keeping people moving either with a kick from behind (threats, fear, tough targets, and complicated systems to supervise) or by offering choc drops (bonuses, grand presentations of the vision, conferences, campaigns, initiatives, etc).Employers should focus on recognition and reward, including benefits, as well as career development to boost efficiency. (9) They also tend to go the extra mile for customers and are favourable about their organisation, becoming external advocates for their employers. (10) In fact, employers should be actively concerned about the significant minority of employees who are neither happy with their current job role nor their current employers, namely one in four.Staff who are unhappy both with their role and their employers are likely to fall short in terms of levels of commitment, motivation, engagement, advocacy, loyalty and customer focus. (11) .The research findings show that employers should be focusing on critical improvement areas such as recognition and reward (including benefits provision) as well as creating career development opportunities for employees in order to improve happiness levels within the workplace.(12) Our research has found that the combination of a bonus system, private medical insurance and flexible working are the most likely combination to boost efficiency. 11（）
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根据《中国执业药师职业道德准则适用指导》：“执业药师应当积极主动参加继续教育不断提高执业水平”属于（）.
Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age.(46) With the rapid spread of the Internet since the early 1990s, and the relentless technological innovations generated through it, the information era is truly upon us, profoundly influencing and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work, do business, think and communicate with others.(47) The unprecedented success of the-Valley is a testimony to the concerted international endeavors and contributions by people from diverse cultural and racial backgrounds, made possible by the favorable political, economic and intellectual climate prevailing, as well as the farsighted policies of the US government.Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own "Silicon Valley". So far, none has as yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype. What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity There are several crucial factors.(48) First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would-be that the industry needs in order to move forward. Without these advantages, the Valley would be a different place.Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no shame attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough.(49) A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to ultimate success.(50) Of equal importance, bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurship and job satisfaction than the established companies. There is also a pride of achievement if their efforts contribute to its fruition.Intellectual challenges aside, it is a common practice for start-ups to offer generous share options to employees in order to attract the right talent into their folds. This is a powerful incentive to motivate the staff to do their utmost and to share in the company’s prosperity if it reaches its goal. Many regard this as the foundation of a successful enterprise. 49
2005年6月30日，经国务院批准，中国证监会、财政部、中国人民银行联合发布了《证券投资者保护基金管理办法》，设立证券投资者保护基金。（）
文字资料一 根据材料。回答121-125题。 1990年以后，辽宁城乡居民收入差距出现了一个上升——下降——再上升的过程，其变动轨迹大体可以划分为三个阶段。 第一阶段1990-1994年，城乡居民的收人比率由1.85扩大到2.14，收入绝对差额由714元扩大到1624元。第二阶段1995-1998年，城乡居民收入差距出现短暂回落。城乡居民的收入比率由2.1下降到1.79，收入绝对差额扩大的势头得到遏制，仅由1935元增加到2037元。第三阶段1999-2007年。城乡居民的收入比率由1.96再度扩大到2.58，城乡居民收入绝对差额由2398元扩大到7527元。 城乡居民收入比率变化轨迹与我国城乡改革的进程基本吻合。90年代以后，国家改革的重心逐步转向城镇，随着国有企业经营管理和收入分配体制的改革，城镇居民工资水平得到大幅度增长。1990-1994年，城镇居民可支配收入年均增长速度达到16.5%，快于农民纯收入的增长速度2.6个百分点，致使城乡居民收入比率扩大。在1995年-1998期间，国家连续两次提高农副产品收购价格，农民纯收入高速增长，增长速度达到16%，快于城镇居民收入的增长速度5个百分点，城乡收入差距比率连续4年下降。1999-2003年，由于种养效益低、收入来源单一、负担沉重等原因，农民增收进入最困难时期，其中1999年和2000年，农民收入甚至出现了负增长。2004年以后，得益于国家一系列支持农民增收的重大政策，农民收入增速回升，但仍未改变慢于城镇居民收入增长速度的状况。在1999-2007年期间，农民纯收入的增长速度为7.1%。慢于城镇居民收入的增长速度4.4个百分点。城乡居民收入比率上升至2.58。 2007年，辽宁城镇居民人均可支配收入为( )
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