文字资料一 根据材料。回答121-125题。 1990年以后,辽宁城乡居民收入差距出现了一个上升——下降——再上升的过程,其变动轨迹大体可以划分为三个阶段。 第一阶段1990-1994年,城乡居民的收人比率由1.85扩大到2.14,收入绝对差额由714元扩大到1624元。第二阶段1995-1998年,城乡居民收入差距出现短暂回落。城乡居民的收入比率由2.1下降到1.79,收入绝对差额扩大的势头得到遏制,仅由1935元增加到2037元。第三阶段1999-2007年。城乡居民的收入比率由1.96再度扩大到2.58,城乡居民收入绝对差额由2398元扩大到7527元。 城乡居民收入比率变化轨迹与我国城乡改革的进程基本吻合。90年代以后,国家改革的重心逐步转向城镇,随着国有企业经营管理和收入分配体制的改革,城镇居民工资水平得到大幅度增长。1990-1994年,城镇居民可支配收入年均增长速度达到16.5%,快于农民纯收入的增长速度2.6个百分点,致使城乡居民收入比率扩大。在1995年-1998期间,国家连续两次提高农副产品收购价格,农民纯收入高速增长,增长速度达到16%,快于城镇居民收入的增长速度5个百分点,城乡收入差距比率连续4年下降。1999-2003年,由于种养效益低、收入来源单一、负担沉重等原因,农民增收进入最困难时期,其中1999年和2000年,农民收入甚至出现了负增长。2004年以后,得益于国家一系列支持农民增收的重大政策,农民收入增速回升,但仍未改变慢于城镇居民收入增长速度的状况。在1999-2007年期间,农民纯收入的增长速度为7.1%。慢于城镇居民收入的增长速度4.4个百分点。城乡居民收入比率上升至2.58。 2007年,辽宁城镇居民人均可支配收入为( )
A. 12300元
B. 7527元
C. 10880元
D. 14700元
阅读文字材料,按要求回答36-40题。 长期大量使用化学农药使得抗药害虫种类不断增加,且抗药性也越来越厉害。今天要杀死这些抗药害虫,必须将剂量增加成千上万倍,既增加生产成本,又会杀死害虫天敌,造成农作物害虫频频成灾。尤为严重的是,大量使用化学农药,会加剧环境污染,损害人类身体健康。据联合国环境规划署统计,全世界每年有200万人发生农药急性中毒,其中有四万人丧生。而病得不清不楚,死得不明不白的慢性中毒者,数量无法统计。 面对化学农药长期滥施造成的一系列严重问题,各国科学家从加紧研究有毒植物和推广应用植物农药等方面寻找出路。近年来,植物农药的研制已取得了一定成果。植物农药又叫生物农药,是利用有毒植物中的多种杀虫成分,经过提炼后生产的农药。与化学农药比较,植物农药有着突出的优点。 由于它们的杀虫有效成分为天然物质。而不是人工合成的化学物质。因此,施用后较易分解为无毒物质。对环境无污染。由于植物杀虫剂杀虫成分的多元化,就使害虫较难产生抗药性。这同病菌对中药混合物煎剂较之于单质的抗菌素更难______的道理一样。植物农药有益生物(即害虫天敌)的安全。根据试验,使用我国研制的鱼藤菊酯植物杀虫剂的常用剂量喷施,对蔬菜头号害虫萝卜蚜的防治效果达到99.85%。而对蚜虫天敌瓢虫的杀伤率仅为11.58%;对照使用的化学杀虫剂乐果乳油的两个指标分别为71.5%和28.54%。 此外,有毒植物可以大量种植,而且开发费用也较低。我国已发现的有毒植物达一万多种,它们当中大都具有杀虫抑菌作用,较有价值的杀虫植物大概有五类:对昆虫有强烈驱赶作用的,如丁香、茴香;对作物真菌病和病毒病有疗效的,如大黄、烟草;可提炼使昆虫有强烈拒食作用的天然物质的,如川楝、花椒;能影响昆虫激素平衡的,如万寿菊、香茅;使昆虫绝育的,如喜树硷、姜油等。 对长期大量使用化学农药造成的严重问题,解说错误的一项是( )。
A. 长期大量使用化学农药使得抗药害虫的抗药性越来越强,且种类也不断增加
B. 增加化学农药使用的剂量会杀死害虫的天敌,造成农作物害虫频频成灾
C. 现在要杀死这些抗药害虫,必须千万倍地加大剂量,这必然导致化学农药生产成本增加
D. 长期大量使用化学农药杀虫,已经造成了损害人体健康、危机人的生命的严重后果
Reasons for International TradeForeign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every nation wants the opportunity to export its goods and services to other countries. A foreign outlet for sales enables a manufacturer or distributor to increase the volume of his business activity, thus increasing his chance to make a profit and increasing employment opportunities. Every nation also wants the opportunity and privilege of buying from foreign countries products and services that are scarce or unavailable at home that would be useful and beneficial to its people.Trading with other countries is not the same as trading within one’s own country. At home a company or a bank is familiar with its own people, laws, and business practices. At abroad the picture becomes a complex one. Each country is different and therefore is said to carry different risks. Political risks, for example, relate to such varied factors as treaties, war, import quotas, and foreign exchange restrictions.In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilised different economic resources. People have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. So countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. As far as the United States is concerned, it enjoys the most favourable position and has vast coal and oil reserves, but the United States is also a heavy consumer of nature resources, and it is increasingly reliant on certain imports, especially on oil. It consumes more than it can produce at home.If one nation can sell some items at a lower cost, the other countries would buy them. Japan. a highly industrialised nation, has been able to export large quantities of automobiles because it can produce them efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for some Western countries to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically. Japan should produce and export those items from which it gets a comparative advantage. It should also buy and import what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.At last, innovation or style or quality plays the most important role in the foreign trade. For example, the United States produces more automobiles than any other countries; it still imports large quantities of autos from Japan, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States. In conclusion, developing international trade is a country’s long-term strategy. For most nations, exports and imports are the most important international activity. With this activity, nations can develop their economy. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true()
A. Nations can not develop their economy without foreign trade.
B. For most countries, foreign trade is an important international activity.
C. It is a long-term strategy for a country to develop international trade.
D. The United States never imports automobiles because it produces more autos than any other countries.