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第二节 短文理解2 阅读短文，从各题所给出的三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A 根据下面短文回答下列问题。 Pigeons have a natural instinct(天性) to go back home, even if they are very far away and the trip is hard or dangerous. Men use this homing instinct to send messages(传言) on small pieces of paper which are fixed to the pigeons’ backs or legs. In war time, pigeons have been known to fly 75 miles an hour and to run 500 or 600 miles. These homing pigeons begin their training(训练) when they are about four weeks old. After a few weeks they begin flying and carrying messages. If everything goes well, they can work about four years. Men make use of the pigeons’ instinct ______.
M: Have you been a secretary or somethingF: No, but I can deal with most of the official stuff.M: Can you handle the computerF: I have good computer skills.M: What’s your speedF: I can type 130 words per minute.M: Do you take shorthandF: I’m afraid I can’t. But I’m willing to learn. I don’t think it’s hard for me to learn. How fast can the woman type().
In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT A Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients—to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest. What would doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months Is it best to tell him the truth If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient’s own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide, As one physician wrote: "ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake, and that is as for as possible do harm." Armed with such precept, a number of doctors my slip into deceptive practices that they assume will "do no harm" and may will help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying. But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery. Not only do lies not provide the "help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted. Dying patients especially—who are easiest to mislead and most often kept in the dark—can then not make decision about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to close and take leave. Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of "defensive medicine," and thus it injure, in turn, the entire medical profession. Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers. Patients’ bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment. Many doctors go to great eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand. There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason, to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "what you don’t know can’t hurt you."(737 words) According to the text, a patients’ bill of rights requires that patients be in formed of ______.
British postmen and milkmen have a reputation for being cheerful. As they both arrive very early in the morning, when you are perhaps not feeling very good-tempered, their loud knocking and boring whistling may get on your nerves. Of course there are some gloomy postmen, who make you think that every letter contains sad news, but the majority are pleasant, this is quite surprising, because delivering the mail each morning is a job which is not very well paid and there are a great many problems. The city postman has to go on foot, not only along streets but also up and down stairs, as many blocks of flats still have no tilts and downstairs letterbox. If he has a registered letter to deliver, he has to wait for someone to come to the door to sign for it. That person may greet him in a mast unfriendly way if he has just been woken from a deep sleep very early in the morning. In the country, a postman may have a bicycle or a small van, so he does not have to walk so far, but nevertheless he has his problems too. It is very annoying to be compelled to go all the way to an isolated house simply to deliver a postcard or a circular, when this makes the journey half an hour longer, in winter, weather conditions are bad, but the postman must carry on in the rain or the snow. Sometimes it is impossible to use a van or a bicycle in these conditions, and he has to do his round on foot, like this city colleague. Most country people keep a dog. Although there may be a notice on the gate, ’BEWARE OF THE DOG’ this is of little help to the postman. He is forced to go in, whether the dog is dangerous or not. So every day the country postman knows that, if the dog is not safely tied up, it may bite him on the leg or tear his trousers. The receiver must sign for ______.
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