Although aspirin has been proven to eliminate moderate fever associated with some illnesses, many doctors no longer routinely recommend its use for this purpose. A moderate fever stimulates the activity of the body’s diseasefighting white blood cells and also inhibits the growth of many strains of disease-causing bacteria. If the statements above are true, which of the following conclusions is most strongly supported by them
Aspirin, an effective painkiller, alleviates the pain and discomfort of many illnesses.
B. Aspirin can prolong a patient’s illness by eliminating moderate fever helpful in fighting some diseases.
C. Aspirin inhibits the growth of white blood cells, which are necessary for fighting some illnesses.
D. The more white blood cells a patient’s body produces, the less severe the patient’s illness will be.
E. (E) The focus of modern medicine is on inhibiting the growth of disease-causing bacteria within the body.
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After graduating form high school, people rarely multiply fractions or discuss ancient Rome, but they are confronted daily with decisions relating to home economics. Yet whereas mathematics and history are required courses in the high school curriculum, home economics is only an elective, and few students choose to take it. Which of the following positions would be best supported by the considerations above
A. If mathematics and history were not required courses, few students would choose, to take them.
B. Whereas home economics would be the most useful subject for people facing the decisions they must make in daily life, often mathematics and history can also help them face these decisions.
C. If it is important to teach high school students subjects that relate to decisions that will confront them in their daily lives, then home economics should be made an important part of the high school curriculum.
D. Mathematics, history, and other courses that are not directly relevant to a person’s daily life should not be a required part of the high school curriculum.
E. (E) Unless high schools put more emphasis on nonacademic subjects like home economics, people graduation from high school wilt never feel comfortable about making the decisions that will confront them in their daily lives.
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the introduction of new therapeutic agents into the marketplace. Consequently, it plays a critical role in improving health care in the United States. While it is those in the academic and government research communities who engage in the long process of initial discovery and clinical testing of new therapeutic agents, it is the FDA’s role and responsibility to facilitate the transfer of new discoveries from the laboratory to the marketplace. Only after the transfer can important new therapies help patients. Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the passage
A. The FDA is responsible for ensuring that any therapeutic agent that is marketed is then regulated.
Before new therapeutic agents reach the marketplace they do not help patients.
C. The research community is responsible for the excessively long testing period for new drugs, not the FDA.
D. The FDA should work more closely with researchers to ensure that the quality of therapeutic agents is maintained.
E. (E) If a new medical discovery has been transferred from the laboratory to the marketplace, it will help patients.
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae. Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above
A. The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp’s egg-laying behavior.
B. Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
C. Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
D. Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
E. (E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of host egg.
Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. On the basis of this evidence, Dr. Ladlow has claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct. Anson: Then Dr. Ladlow is not a responsible psychologist. Dr. Ladlow’s evidence does not conclusively prove that his theory is correct. Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Anson’s argument
A. Dr. Ladlow’s evidence that his theory generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze is inaccurate.
B. Psychologists who can derive consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze from their theories cannot responsibly conclude that those theories cannot be disproved.
C. No matter how responsible psychologists are, they can never develop correct theoretical explanations.
D. Responsible psychologists do not make predictions about how rats will perform in a maze.
E. (E) Psychologists who accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect are responsible psychologists.
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