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Assuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect In high-income regions, (41) North America, our picture suggests that the share of traffic (42) supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we (43) the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these (44) in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of lowspeed mil transport will probably continue its strongly (45) decline. We expect that throughout the period 1990～2050, the (46) North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time (47) to automobile travel. The very large demand (48) air travel (or high-speed mil travel) that will be manifest in 2050 (49) to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel (50) in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist (51) the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades. (52) important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and (53) lowspeed trains will surely go on serving vital functions. (54) of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the (55) .
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Don’t call him just a college professor. Internet entrepreneur, TV personality, advisor to presidents, and friend to the rich and powerful would be more accurate. Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. is better known for his activities outside the academy. This week he sold Africana com, a website he created with a fellow Harvard University professor, to Time Warner. Terms of the deal weren’t revealed, though the Wall Street Journal pegged the price at more than $10 million, with Gates reaping up to $1 million. Time Warner will incorporate the site, a portal with news and information about people of African descent, into America Online when the two merge as expected. The sense is that Gates got a very good deal. The site is a rich source of scholarship but hardly a rich source of revenue. As recently as the late 1980s Gates, who turns 50 this week, was an obscure professor, penning books on literary theory only a graduate student could love. Now he can’t be avoided. He hosted a series about Africa on public television, writes occasional articles for the New Yorker, and even advises the Gore presidential campaign. He counts director Steven Spielberg, Microsoft’s Bill Gates and President Clinton as friends. "They’re not intimate friends," he insists. Indeed, Gates has evolved into a kind of expert on everything African-American. "He remains the go-to person on the state of African-American affairs," said Perry Steinberg, head of American Program Bureau, a lecture agency. The 30 or so speeches Gates delivers each year are another source of income for the professor. With fame comes controversy. Several other black intellectuals have taken him to task for not being confrontational enough. Gates has heard it before. ’"Me Critics Oh, what a shock." But he considers himself more a descendent of historian and educator W. E.B. Du Bois than of Malcolm X. His ultimate goal is to build the field of Afro-American studies. "Fifty years from now I want there to be at least 10 great centers of Afro-American studies," he says. If working as a consultant on Spielberg’s historical film Amistad or giving A1 Gore advice helps, so be it. According to Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. himself, giving advice to A1 Gore is ______.
Applying for a mortgage Susan Thomas and her husband Alan have decided to buy a house. They have seen one that they like and now have to get a mortgage loan. Susan goes to see Joan Bentley. Ms. Bentley works in the mortgage department of the Yorktown Bank in Texas, where the Thomases live. Ms. B: Hello, Mrs. Thomas. How are you today I hear you want to apply for a mortgage loan with us. Mrs. T: That’s right. I hope you have the time to answer some questions, though. My husband and I have never owned any real estate before and we have only elementary ideas about mortgages. Ms. B: I’ll be happy to help you in any way I can. What would you like to ask Mrs. T: First, is there any difference between a mortgage and a mortgage loan I have heard both terms used. Ms. B: Yes there is, although in everyday speech people call the mortgage loan’a mort- gage. The mortgage is actually a written document. In legal terms it is called an instrument of conveyance because it transfers title of property from one party to another. The mortgage loan is, of course, the money that the mortgagee lends to the mortgagor so that the mortgagor can buy a house or some other piece of real property. Mrs. T: I see. That’s clear to me now, but something has been worrying me. Many of my friends have told Alan and me that it won’t be easy to get a mortgage. I don’t know what they mean--Alan and I have always held good jobs. It seems that two good risks like us wouldn’t have much difficulty in getting financing for a new home. Ms. B: The problem isn’t the element of risk. The supply of mortgage money has become very tight lately. Also, with interest rates rising, banks don’t want to lend a large sum of money for 25 or 30 years at a fixed rate. Mrs. T: When you mention fixed rates you remind me that I have been hearing a lot about variable - rate mortgages. I’m not quite sure that I understand exactly what they are, but people say more and more banks are using them now. Ms. B: I can explain them to you. In the past, the borrower or mortgagor paid the same rate of interest over the life of the mortgage. Monthly payments to the bank were the same for 30 years. But with variable-rate mortgages they can be adjusted every six months to changes in the interest rates banks pay on deposits. Mrs. T: That sounds very upsetting to me. What if the borrower gets a very large increase How would he meet his payments Variable - rate mortgages must greatly increase the possibility of the bank’s foreclosing. Ms. B: Not really. The bank can’t adjust the rate more than 1/4 of one percent for any six - month period. And most banks give an initial guaranteed - rate period of six months to five years. During this period, no adjustments are allowed. However, there’s no limit to how much the rate that you pay can rise or fall over the life or the mortgage. Mrs. T: Why have banks begun to insist on variable-rate mortgages The old system seems so much simpler. Ms. B: I’ll admit it was simpler, but changes in conditions have made it difficult for banks to keep the system of fixed - rate mortgages. With certificates of deposit and other term - de- posit accounts, banks now pay very high interest rates to depositors in order to attract their money. These interest rates fluctuate, too, so banks want the protection of variable - rate mortgages. Mrs. T. Your explanation makes me feel more secure about variable -rate mortgages. How much does your bank expect as a down payment Ms. B: Between 10% and 20% of the purchase price. Is that possible for you and your husband Mrs. T: Yes. We have saved enough money for that. I would like to fill out an application. Ms. B: Fine. Here’s one. We will be able to let you know whether we approve it or not in a week or ten days. Mrs. T: Thank you very much. Comprehension check State whether each sentence is true or false based on the dialogue of this lesson. The interest rate on a variable - rate mortgage fluctuates with changes in the interest rate the bank pays its depositors.
Forget football. At many high schools, the fiercest competition is between Coke and Pepsi over exclusive "pouring rights" to sell on campus. But last week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, called a timeout: Coke’s machines will now also stock water, juice, and other healthful options--even rival brands and their facades will feature school scenes and other "noncommercial graphics" instead of Coke’s vivid red logo. "the pendulum needs to swing back" on school-based marketing, said Dunn. Coke’s about-face--particularly the call to end the exclusive deals that bottlers make with school districts--comes amid rising concern over kids’ health: American children are growing ever more obese and developing weight-related diseases usually found in adults. While inactivity and huge helpings factor heavily, a recent study in the Lancet fingered soda pop as a likely culprit. Communities--and legislators--are already on the case. Last year, for instance, parents in Philadelphia detailed a proposed contract with Coca-Cola that would have netted the school system $ 43 million over 10 years. And in a searing’ report to congress last month, the U. S. Department of Agriculture recommended that all snacks sold in schools meet federal nutrition standards (the requirements are loose enough that Snickers bars qualify). Spare change Activists hope Coke’s capitulation will help curb commercialism in schools altogether. From ads on Channel One, which broadcasts current-affairs programs on classroom TV, to middle-school math texts that cite Nike and other bran-name products in their word problems, to company-sponsored scoreboards on football fields, American pupils are bombarded. But Andrew Hagelshaw, executive director of the Oakland, Calif.-based Center for Commercial-Free Public Education, views Coca-Cola’s policy shift as a "partial victory". Schools sign contracts with local bottlers; the parent company can only urge them to back off. Moreover, Coke’s machines will remain in place, although with healthier options. And don’t expect teenagers to suddenly swear off the stuff--or school districts to give up the revenue. At Wheeler High School in Marietta, Ga., where students arrive before 7 a.m. and stay as late as 11 o’clock at night, they rely on the machines. And the $ 50,000 in annual vending revenues have enabled Principal Joe Boland to refinish the gym floor, in- stall a new high-jump pit, and pay $ 7,000 for two buses. "If someone made an offer to me to take the machines out, I’d consider it," says Boland. "But nobody’s offering me any money.\ "Forget football" in Paragraph 1 suggests that football has been ______.
法国A公司是国际知名的电气跨国公司，十年前通过设立中国分公司进入中国市场。针对中国成为世界加工厂和世界经济的有力推动者之一的趋势不断加强，针对中国经济市场化趋势不断加强，A公司开始着手研究在中国的发展战略。经过十年充分的战略情报研究和战略保障准备，从2005年开始在中国实施并购战略。中国并购战略是A公司发展的一个战略阶段，过去十年间，该公司不断尝试进入中国、探索在中国的兼并方式、培育中国企业运行机制和人才、调整全球战略部署。实现了35%的增长速度，并取得了中国市场上的一定主动权。作为一个国际知名的大型跨国公司，A公司在全球范围的战略安排是法国总公司控制品牌和专利权，而中国主要负责生产，北美及欧洲负责销售。这一点与许多跨国公司的中国并购战略相同。A公司的不同之处在于它的战略思路和策略。A公司在中国的并购思路为由西到东，创造中国最好生产企业，并形成一定垄断地位。鉴于中国政府提出了发展西部的战略，并出台了一系列的西部大开发政策，给予西部地区极大的市场优惠政策和非市场优惠政策，A公司在享受到各种优惠的同时，赢得了好的名声，为以后的并购创造了良好的信誉氛围。并购活动中，除了品牌和专利权外，该公司的策略非常灵活，先答应并购对象提出的各种条件，然后再做部分方案调整，使中方企业容易同意并购。并购山西B集团是A公司的第一步，随后并购东部两省的C和D。以中国西部为中心向外辐射，实现从西部到东部扩张。A公司并购战略的目标是成为中国第一大生产企业，在并购过程中，它并没有确定的投资额，也没有确定的并购企业数目，而是使它的筹资、投入及投资方法都服从于这个战略目标。并购战略的目的是达到一定的垄断。我们可以看到A公司的垄断目的和成为中国第一生产企业目标之间的逻辑关系：战略目标服从于战略目的。在外部条件发生变化时可以改变战略目标，用新的目标代替原来目标，但仍服从于战略目的。按照战略目的，不断推进并购活动。只要战略目的未实现，并购活动就不会停。此外，为了保障并购成功，A公司先在知识产权保护方面进行充分准备。对于拒绝并购或者合作不顺利的，都会施以知识产权保护打压。在与另一家低压电器巨头E集团谈判不成，而E与美国通用电气交往渐近时，A公司就对E和通用电气都施以阻击。至此，我们可以看到A公司的并购不是一时的经营性的，而是战略性的；不是单纯提高竞争力，而是从自身生命发展周期来考虑。同时，要想获得成功的并购，在实施战略并购之前，进行战略情报分析研究，而不限于市场信息分析，进行了战略预见，而不是供求预测。在并购之后进行妥当的管理也是必不可少的。要求：（1）A公司的战略发展类型是什么，以及采用这种战略的原因。（2）简述企业使命和战略目标的含义以及二者的关系，并回答在此次战略并购中，A公司如何处理使命（目的）和目标的关系。（3）结合所学知识和案例，回答战略管理的流程。（4）简述A公司能够成功实施这种战略需要把握的关键要素有哪些。（5）简述A公司采取该战略可能面临风险应如何控制。
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