Question 10Three women have been playing the lottery each week for the past 10 years: Anna, Bethany, and Catherine. Anna always plays the same numbers; Bethany picks different numbers each week; and Catherine always plays the numbers that won in the previous week. Choose the option below that best represents their relative probability of winning the lottery this week.
A. Catherine is most likely to win.
B. Anna is most likely to win.
C. Bethany is most likely to win.
D. It cannot be determined which of Anna and Bethany are more likely to win, but each is more likely to win than Catherine.
E. All have equal odds of winning.
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Question 7Given what you now know about the complexity and ambiguity of everyday problems, and the shortcuts that we have to rely upon to navigate this complexity, what can you conclude about people who believe in paranormal phenomena? 鉴于你现在所知的日常问题的复杂性和模糊性，以及我们所仰仗的操纵这种复杂性的捷径，你如何看待相信超自然现象的人？
A. They are probably trying to deceive people just to make money.他们可能想要骗人来赚钱。
B. Like everyone, they rely on informal rules and strategies to simplify this complexity. 像其他人一样，他们依赖日常规则和策略来简化这种复杂性。
C. They are almost certainly delusional, mentally ill, or both.他们几乎肯定是有妄想的，精神有病的，或者二者兼具。
D. They don't honestly believe firmly in the truth of what they are doing.他们并不扎实肯定地相信他们所做的
E. They are less intelligent than most people.他们比大多数人蠢。
Question 8Which of the following is not an example of "the drift toward mediocrity?"以下哪个不是“漂向平庸”的例子？
After scoring at the top of his class on an exam, Billy manages to improve his score on a subsequent exam by 2%. 考到第一名之后，Billy又在之后的考试中把分数提高了2%。
B. The performance of Olympic gold medalists often declines after the Olympics. 奥运冠军们在奥运会后往往状态下滑，表现欠佳。
C. The "Sports Illustrated Jinx." 《体育画报》厄运
D. Joanne takes treatment for an ailment when her symptoms are at their worst, and the symptoms improve over time, even though the treatment contained no active ingredients. Joanne病的最厉害的时候接受了治疗，尽管她吃的药起不了什么作用，她的症状还是得到了改善
E. The "Sophomore Slump" where people who do wonderfully in their first year of university tend to do worse in the second. “大二厄运 ”是指这样一种现象：学生在大学第一学年能表现得非常好，到了第二学年就差多了。
Question 8问题8During our conversation with Richard Nisbett, the topic of "priming" came up, and Richard briefly mentioned a "fishy" experiment. What was the point of the experiment?在我们和Richard Nisbett的谈话中，出现了这个话题“启动效应”，Richard简单的提到了“鱼腥”实验。这个实验的意义是什么？
A. We have no conscious awareness of our perceptual processes.我们对于感知过程是没有意识觉察的。
B. The introduction of a fishy smell in the room made people suspicious and they were less likely to be persuaded.房间里的鱼腥味(怀疑的味道)使人生疑，所以他们不太可能被说服。
C. People are completely aware of the procedures that we use to solve problems.人们完全能意识到我们解决问题的过程。
D. People from cultures with the "fishy" metaphor weren't as persuaded as those from other cultures.和拥有其他文化的人相比，有“猫腻的”隐喻文化的人不如他们好说服。
E. Spraying "rat essence" in the room wasn't as effective as spraying a fishy scent.在房间里喷老鼠香氛不如喷鱼腥味香氛有效果。
Question 9问题9Daniel Kahneman and Jackson Beatty performed several experiments where they measured the size of people's pupils. They found that the size of your pupils is an excellent measure of cognitive effort or essentially how hard your brain is working. They demonstrated this fact using a digit-span task, where people were asked to remember a series of digits. The more digits that people were asked to remember, the larger their pupils.Daniel Kahneman和Jackson Beatty展示了一个他们评估人们的瞳孔大小的实验。他们发现瞳孔的尺寸是认知能力或者说是大脑运转速率的一个很棒的测量方式。他们证明了这个事实运用了一种有数字跨度上的任务，在这个任务里人们被要求记住一系列的数字。当人们被要求记住更多时，他们的瞳孔便会变得更大。Given what you know about these pupil experiments and Systems 1 and 2, which of the following results would be unlikely:知道了这个瞳孔的实验和系统1与系统2 ，下面哪一个答案不太可能
A. identifying upside-down faces leads to more pupil dilation than identifying upright faces.识别上下颠倒的面孔比起正确方向的脸会导致更多的瞳孔扩张
B. expert radiologists have smaller pupils compared to novice radiologists when analyzing a chest x-ray for abnormalities.在分析一个胸部畸形的X光时，专家放射研究者比起新研究者时会有更小的瞳孔
C. novice air traffic controllers have larger pupils than experts when tracking potential aircraft collisions.当可能出现飞机碰撞事故时，新手飞机驾驶员比老驾驶员有更大的瞳孔
D. waiters have smaller pupils when memorizing 3 drink orders compared to 16 drink orders.服务生在记忆3种饮料时比记忆16种时有更小的瞳孔
E. every time you type a friend's email address, it gets easier and easier to remember, and your pupils get larger and larger as a result.每次你打出一个朋友的邮件地址时，这就会变得越来越简单，你的瞳孔也就会变得越来越大
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