You arc going to read a list of headings and a text about panic attacks. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A~G for each numbered paragraph(1~5). There are two extra headings which you do not need to use. [A]What is panic disorder [B]Does it run in families [C]How can I cope [D]What is the best therapy [E]What causes a panic attack [F]How to diagnose panic attack [G]What is a panic attack It can come out of nowhere. You"re shopping for groceries or buckling your seat belt when suddenly your muscles contract and your heart begins to pound. Panic attacks can be both bewildering and terrifying, but they"re not unusual. An estimated 2. 4 million people experience one every year. It may begin as tightness in the chest, shortness of breath or a galloping heartbeat. Many sufferers believe they are having a heart attack and rush to the emergency room. Prevalence rates have been on the upswing since the 1950s, although many experts believe what seems like a trend is simply better diagnosis. 【C1】______ More than a feeling of anxiety, a panic attack produces distinctive physical symptoms. Each person experiences panic differently, but most people report intense fear accompanied by bodily sensations that can range from a racing heart to nausea and dizziness. Panic can come on suddenly or slowly and usually lasts no more than 20 minutes at its peak. 【C2】______ Scientists believe panic attacks stem from the brain"s "fight or flight" system gone awry, often ignited by stress or a traumatic event. In our high-octane society, that response can kick in with no real threat in sight or after the source of stress is long gone. Research suggests that chronic panic sufferers may be easily flummoxed by their bodily sensations. Someone vulnerable to panic might interpret a rapid heartbeat as a heart attack. If fear overwhelms her, the symptoms intensify in a vicious cycle. 【C3】______ Vulnerability to anxiety may have a biological basis. If a parent or sibling has panic attacks, a person"s risk increases by about sixfold. A Yale study found that panic attack sufferers had fewer serotonin receptors in their brains, while other studies suggest those with anxiety may have overly sensitive "suffocation alarm systems", which delect a shortage of oxygen even under normal conditions. 【C4】______ Panic attacks are so frightening that sufferers will do just about anything to avoid another. That may mean staying away from situations associated with anxiety. Someone who once panicked on an airplane might decide not to fly. But the fear often extends to other settings; the plane phobic might start to dread cars and buses as well. People with full-blown panic disorder, in which attacks are a frequent problem, feel constantly vulnerable, which forces them to be vigilant. Only about a third of people who get occasional panic attacks will go on to develop panic disorder. Even though men and women report the attacks with equal frequency, women are twice as likely to get the disorder. 【C5】______ Antidepressant medication may help alleviate panic. However, cognitive-behavioral therapy may work even better; researchers estimate that up to 80 percent of panic sufferers can be helped by psychotherapy alone. Therapists often treat panic by exposing the patient to feared settings of increasing intensity. Exposure therapy can also include exposure to the physical sensations of panic spinning clients in circles to make them dizzy, having them inhale carbon dioxide or breathe through a straw or jog to raise their heart rates. Once clients learn that those feelings do not signal impending doom, they can better withstand panic - and eventually prevent it altogether. 【C4】
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1~5, choose the most suitable one from the list A~G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Anybody who has ever been inside a supermarket has encountered greater variety in five minutes than Marco Polo was exposed to in a lifetime. Hundreds of breakfast cereals stand across the aisle from as many different cookies, including enough subspecies of chocolate chip to provide the adventurous a new type each day of the month. 【C1】______ Had Marco Polo had access to a PathMark or a Safeway, he could have been a world-class explorer without traveling anywhere(for breakfast alone, he could have discovered seven kinds of Cheerios).【C2】______ Time is only one of many hidden costs of abundance to our society, according to Swarthmore social psychologist Barry Schwartz in his intermittently brilliant sixth book, "The Paradox of Choice". "As a culture, we are enamored of freedom, self-determination, and variety, and we are reluctant to give up any of our options," he writes with characteristic directness. "Rut clinging tenaciously to all the choices available to us contributes to bad decisions, to anxiety, stress, and dissatisfaction—even to clinical depression. " 【C3】______ Rut, as Schwartz ably documents, we enter an equivalent supermarket of options when deciding where we want to live, for whom we want to work, and even how we want to look. While few have complete autonomy, a combination of technological efficiency and laissez-faire morality have opened more choices to more Americans than ever before. The report that more Americans are also more unhappy than ever before might simply be a perverse coincidence.【C4】______ Yet, the case Schwartz makes for a correlation between our emotional state and what he calls the "tyranny of choice" is compelling, the implications disturbing. From unmet expectations to regret over the road not taken, the perils of living in a multiple-choice society rival in number the variety of snacks in the largest grocery store. Driving this malaise is the problem that "everything suffers from comparison". Schwartz describes a simple experiment in which people are asked whether they"d rather be given $ 100 outright, or gamble on winning $ 200 at the toss of a coin. That the vast majority would prefer the $ 100 may seem strange at first: a 50 percent chance of earning $200 is mathematically equivalent to a 100 percent chance of earning $ 100. Half the people asked ought to opt for the coin toss.【C5】______ Economists capture this phenomenon in the law of diminishing marginal utility(and provide us the formulae to calculate that, psychologically, we"d need winnings of $240 to be equally tempted by the coin toss). How, though, does this asymmetry relate to real-life choices If losses subjectively weigh more heavily than gains, the advantages of any chocolate chip cookie or career path we select will count for less than those of the options we pass up. [A]With so many options to choose from, the poor man would scarcely have had time to get out of town. [B]We may even question the statistics: as the social stigma associated with depression decreases, people may be more open about their listlessness. They may even feel encouraged to consider themselves depressed as the subject receives so much attention in the media. [C]What are we to do Schwartz thinks he has some answers. However, while shrewdly avoiding the age-old call to turn back the hands of time, he stumbles instead headlong into the abyss of gratuitous self-help. [D]However, the alternatives are not psychologically equivalent; Getting twice the money is not twice as pleasurable. The distance between zero and 100 is subjectively greater than the distance between 100 and 200. [E]Rut that"s just the start: The average grocery store stocks 30,000 distinct items, of which 20,000 are unceremoniously dumped and replaced annually. [F]Schwartz"s mistake is to assume that we need answers, an abundance of them, and that such solutions can be produced and consumed as easily as breakfast cereals. [G]Were life limited to shopping for chocolate chip cookies and Cheerios, such a claim might seem exaggerated, if not absurd. 【C4】