The Census Bureau reported that the median family income, after adjustment for inflation, increased 1.6 percent in 1983. Poverty normally declines when family income goes up, but the national poverty rate remained at its highest level in eighteen years in 1983. The Census Bureau offered two possible explanations: the lingering effects of the deep and lengthy 1981-1982 recession, and increases in the number of people living in families headed by women and in the number of adults not living with any relatives. Both groups are likely to be poorer than the population as a whole. Which of the following conclusions can be properly drawn from this report
A. The national poverty rate has increased steadily over the last eighteen years.
B. The national poverty rate will increase when there are lingering effects of an earlier recession.
C. The median family income can increase even though the family income of some subgroups within the population declines or fails to increase.
D. The category of adults not living with any relatives is the most critical group in the determination of whether the economy has improved.
E. (E) The median family income is affected more by changes in family patterns than by the extent of expansion or recession of the national economy.
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Recent estimates predict that between 1982 and 1995 the greatest increase in the number of people employed will be in the category of low-paying service occupations. This category, however, will not increase its share of total employment, whereas the category of high-paying service occupations will increase its share. If the estimates above are accurate, which of the following conclusions can be drawn
A. In 1982 more people were working in low-paying service occupations than were working in high-paying service occupations.
B. In 1995 more people will be working in high-paying service occupations than will be working in low-paying service occupations.
C. Nonservice occupations will account for the same share of total employment in 1995 as in 1982.
D. Many of the people who were working in low-paying service occupations in 1982 will be working in high-paying service occupations by 1995.
E. (E) The rate of growth for low-paying service occupations will be greater than the overall rate of employment growth between 1982 and 1995.
In a recent year California produced an orange crop equal to only seventy-six percent of Florida’s orange crop. However, when citrus crops as a group, including oranges, were compared, the California crop was twenty-three percent greater than Florida’s crop for the same year. If the information above is true, which of the following can properly be concluded about the Florida and California citrus crops in the year mentioned
A. Florida’s climate was suited only to growing oranges.
B. Florida produced larger oranges than California did.
California produced more oranges than it did non-orange citrus.
D. California’s proportion of non-orange citrus crops was higher than Florida’s.
E. (E) California had more acreage that could be devoted to agriculture than did Florida.
Playing eighteenth-century music on the instruments of that period provides valuable information about how the music originally sounded. Eighteenth-century instruments cannot be played without being restored, however, and restoring such an instrument destroys all of the information that researchers could obtain from it about eighteenth-century instrument-making techniques. If the statements above are true, which of the following must be true on the basis of them
A. Eighteenth-century instruments cannot be used to provide information about the original techniques used in playing such instruments if they have been restored.
B. Eighteenth-century instruments that have been restored can provide information only about how eighteenth-century music originally sounded.
C. Eighteenth-century instruments are the only source of information about the instrument-making techniques of that period.
D. An eighteenth-century instrument that has not been re stored can provide more information than can one that has been restored.
E. (E) An eighteenth-century instrument cannot serve as a source of new information about eighteenth-century instrument-making techniques once it can be played.
In household electric ovens, the heating element has only two settings—on and off. A thermostat connected to the oven’s temperature knob is the only control on temperature, automatically switching the element off when the indicated temperature is reached, which happens quickly in modern ovens, and subsequently on or off as needed to maintain temperature. Which of the following statements is most strongly supported by the information above
A. Because in each case the heating element alternates between on and off, a modern household electric oven uses little more power at its maximum temperature setting than it does at its lowest temperature setting.
B. Once the indicated temperature has been reached and is being maintained by the thermostat, the heating element will be switched off for a greater proportion of the time than it is switched on.
C. The accuracy with which household electric ovens main rain their temperature could not be improved on by ovens whose heating elements have more than two settings.
D. In a correctly functioning modern household electric oven, the thermostat will generally not switch the heating element off when the oven’s temperature is more than a few degrees above the indicated temperature.
E. (E) If the thermostat of a modem household electric oven is disabled so that the heating element remains switched on, the oven’s temperature can eventually become higher than the maximum temperature setting on its temperature knob.
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