D Are you one of those who always fear whenever a dog is approaching If you are, you have got phobia (a very strong feeling of being afraid of something ). Of all human fears, phobias may be the most uncontrollable. They are most often caused by a particular situation or object. In general, phobias can mainly be divided into three varieties. To begin with,agoraphobia is a fear of staying in strange surroundings, for example, an unfamiliar place, or an open area. Social phobia refers to the anxiety people show when they have to stay or perform on social events, for instance, speaking in front of the class. Lastly, there are a wide range of specific phobias. People suffering from this kind of phobia are terrified of specific objects or creatures, such as spiders, perhaps to your surprise, clowns. Besides, there are about six hundred and fifty phobias listed by psychologists (心理学家) as yet. Faced with their phobias, many people choose to do nothing but just escape the situations or objects they fear. Psychologists, however, warn that if not treated properly, this kind of anxiety will get worse, so that it may disturb the sleep pattern, cause physical symptoms, and finally affect their daily activities. As for treatment, clinical research has discovered that medicine for anxiety is not successful in curing phobias. However, the anxiety disorders can be efficiently treated through cognitive behavioral therapy ( 认知行为疗法 ), through which patients are led to inspect the connections between their own fear and the situation or object, and then actively choose the acceptable treatments. Also, other treatments proved effective in reducing phobias are meditation, listening to calming music, and so on. Which do psychologists NOT use for effective treatment of phobias
A. To take medicine for anxiety.
B. To listen to comforting light music.
C. To lose oneself in a peaceful environment.
D. To understand the very source of one’s own anxiety.
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 16 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 17 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 18 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 19 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 20 as a rejection of middleclass values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 21 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 22 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 23 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 24 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 25 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 26 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 27 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 28 changes these years. More families consist of oneparent households or two working parents; 29, children are likely to have less supervision at home, 30 was common in the traditional family 31. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 32 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 33 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 34 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 35 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
A. in general
B. on average
C. by contrast
D. at length
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency crimes committed by young people focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 16 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 17 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 18 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 19 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 20 as a rejection of middleclass values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 21 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 22 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 23 to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly 24 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 25 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 26 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 27 lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also 28 changes these years. More families consist of oneparent households or two working parents; 29, children are likely to have less supervision at home, 30 was common in the traditional family 31. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 32 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 33 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 34 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 35 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
A. acting
B. relying
C. centering
D. cementing
假如你是一名高三学生,经常为看电视的事跟妈妈闹意见,今天你跟妈妈达成一致意见。请根据以下表格的内容,以 An Argument 为题写一篇120词左右的英语短文。母亲儿子高三学生学习任务重, 看电视浪费时间学习一天很疲劳,看电视可以放松一下儿子自制力差,看电视会影响视力看电视可以增长知识,了解国际国内大事,紧跟时代周一至周五不准儿子看电视,但在周末允许他看新闻、文艺、体育或科普类节目注意:1.短文的开头已给出,不计入总词数;2.要根据表格中的内容,但不要逐词翻译;3.可以适当增添合乎情理的过渡性语言。An ArgumentI am a Senior 3 student. I often quarrel with my mother over whether I can watch TV after school. My mother