题目内容
某公司承包了一条单跨城市隧道，隧道长度为800米，跨度为15米，地质条件复杂。设计采用浅埋暗挖法进行施工，其中支护结构有建设单位直接分包给一家专业施工单位。施工准备阶段，某公司项目部建立了现场管理体系，设置了组织机构，确定了项目经理的岗位职责和工作程序；在暗挖加固支护材料的选用上，通过不同掺量的喷射混凝土试验来定最佳掺量。施工阶段项目部根据工程的特点对施工现场采取了一系列职业病防治措施，安设了通风换气装量和照明设施。工程预验收阶段总承包单位与专业分包单位分别向城建档案馆提交了施工验收资料，专业分包单位的资料直接由专业监理工程师签字。问题 根据背景介绍，该隧道可选择哪些浅埋挖法方法？
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Throughout history and through a cross-section of cultures, women have transformed their appearance to conform to a beauty ideal. American and European women lived in the 1800s cinched in their waists so tightly that some suffered internal damage. The North American ideal of beauty has continually focused on women’s bodies: the tiny waist of the Victorian period, and the voluptuous curves that were the measure of beauty between the 1930s and 1950s. (1) However, this relentless pursuit of thinness is not just an example of women trying to look their best; it is also a struggle for control, acceptance and success. (2) One of the negative psychological side effects associated with eating disorders is the patient’s distortion of their own body image, body image being defined as the picture a person has in his mind of his own body, that is, the way his body appears to him. Many women who are caught up in the relentless pursuit of thinness also experience some degree of disturbed body image. (3) (4) . Women with perfectly normal bodies see themselves as being heavy; so that the definition of "normal" becomes inaccurate and this perceived normalcy is represented by a very small percentage of women. It follows that if body image is so closely linked to self-image, it is important for women to learn to feel comfortable with the body they live in, despite any "imperfections". (5) . Advertising is a major vehicle for presenting images and forming attitudes. The majority of ads incorporate young, beautiful, slender models to present their products and services. While individual ads may not be seen as a big issue, it is the cumulative, unconscious impact that has an effect on attitudes toward women, and in women’s attitudes toward themselves. As women are consistently exposed to these feminine forms through both print and television, it becomes difficult to distinguish what is normal, and even more difficult not to compare themselves to this form. A. The experiences and practices of women who "simply diet" are not radically different from those who are diagnosed with eating disorders. For some women, achieving the "perfect" body form becomes the most important goal in life. B. Current standards emphasize a toned, slender look, one that exudes fitness, youth, and health. According to psychologist Eva Szekely, "Having to be attractive at this time means unequivocally having to be thin. In North America today, thinness is a precondition for being perceived by others and oneself as healthy". C. The images that are presented in advertising are designed to create an illusion, a fantasy ideal that will keep women continually consuming. Advertisers are well aware of the insecurities that most women feel about their own bodies. D. So why during this process of development so many women become dissatisfied, self-critical, and judgmental about their own bodies One of the reasons may have to do with the media and various forms of advertising. Ads sell more than just products; they present an idea of normalcy, who we are and who we should be. E. While women continue to struggle for equality on an economic scale and within their relationships, they still maintain control over their own bodies. It is important that women begin to accept themselves for who they are, regardless of their body type, and to feel comfortable with the body they live in. F. In attempting to mould their appearance to meet the current ideal, numerous women are literally starving themselves to death. The incidence of eating disorders has doubled during the last two decades. This increase is no longer limited to women in their teens and twenties, but is increasingly diagnosed in patients in their thirties and forties. G. Feelings about body are closely related to a woman’s sense of self; the body is perceived as acceptable or unacceptable, providing a foundation for self-concept. It is alarming, then, that almost 80% of women think they’re overweight. Body image has very little to do with the way a person actually looks; many women who appear to fit the ideal body type are actually dissatisfied with their appearance.
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