二、定义判断。每道题先给出定义,然后列出四种情况,要求你严格依据定义,从中选出一个最符合或最不符合该定义的答案。注意:假设这个定义是正确的,不容置疑的。 请开始答题: 文化认同:指特定个体或群体认为某一文化系统(价值观念、生活方式等)内在于自身心理和人格结构中,并自觉循之以评价事物、规范行为。 下列不属于文化认同的是( )。
A. 回族文化由汉文化与伊斯兰文化相互交织、融合而成,其生活方式、风俗习惯等方面都深受两种文化的影响
B. 在万宝路的电视广告中,美国西部荒原万“牛”奔腾,那个著名的牛仔挥舞缰绳套牛的形象酷极了,但香港烟民崇尚白领生活,羡慕当老板的,见那牛仔上班时风吹日晒,真是命苦啊!抽万宝路香烟太没出息了,太没派头了
C. 一个民族的文化模式一旦形成,必然会持久地支配每个社会成员的思想和行为
D. 一位旅美的俄罗斯老太太,在接受朋友从俄罗斯带给她的礼物时,一见到礼物上的包裹的俄文旧报就激动得热泪盈眶
第三篇 The Body Clock Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology. Deep inside the brain there is a "clock" that governs every aspect of the body’s functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock. This body clock programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon. One of the major causes of the travellers’ malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of a person’s internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses the biological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjust to a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may be on a different schedule altogether. Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to "shrink" our day. That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights. When flying west, you are "extending" your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your internal clock. Flying eastward will involve "shrinking’" or reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clock’s natural tendency. One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There are many reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying to sleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock and working longer hours. It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destination’s schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone. So, our body clock truly can "govern" us. The role of the body clock is to
A. enable us to sleep 6 hours a day.
B. help us adapt to a 24-hour cycle.
C. regulate the body’s functions.
D. interfere with the body’s functions.