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第三篇 The Body Clock Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling less tired than flying to London from New York The answer may be a clear case of biology not being able to keep up with technology. Deep inside the brain there is a "clock" that governs every aspect of the body’s functioning: sleep and wake cycles, levels of alertness, performance, mood, hormone levels, digestion, body temperature and so on. It regulates all of these functions on a 24-hour basis and is called the biological clock. This body clock programmes us to be sleepy twice a day, between 3-5 am and again between 3-5 pm. Afternoon tea and nap are all cultural responses to our natural biological sleepiness in the afternoon. One of the major causes of the travellers’ malady known as jet lag is the non-alignment of a person’s internal body clock with clocks in the external world. Crossing different time zones confuses the biological clock, which then has to adjust to the new time and patterns of light and activity. To make matters more complex, not all internal body functions adjust at the same rate. So your sleep/wake may adjust to a new time zone at one rate, while your temperature adjusts at a different pace. Your digestion may be on a different schedule altogether. Though we live in a 24-hour day, the natural tendency of the body clock is to extend our day beyond 24 hours. It is contrary to our biological programming to "shrink" our day. That is why traveling in a westward direction is more body-clock friendly than flying east. NASA studies of long haul pilots showed that westward travel was associated with significantly better sleep quantity and quality than eastward flights. When flying west, you are "extending" your day, thus traveling in the natural direction of your internal clock. Flying eastward will involve "shrinking’" or reducing your day and is in direct opposition to your internal clock’s natural tendency. One of the more common complaints of travelers is that their sleep becomes disrupted. There are many reasons for this: changing time zones and schedules, changing light and activity levels, trying to sleep when your body clock is programmed to be awake, disruption of the internal biological clock and working longer hours. It is often suggested that you adjust your watch as soon as you board a plane, supposedly to try to help you adjust to your destination’s schedule as soon as you arrive. But it can take the body clock several days to several weeks to fully adjust to a new time zone. So, our body clock truly can "govern" us. The role of the body clock is to
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在本节中，你将听到15个对话。每个对话有一个问题。请从[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出答案，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话后有15秒钟的停顿，以便回答问题和阅读下一问题及其选项。每段对话读两遍。 What did they decide to do
二、定义判断。每道题先给出定义，然后列出四种情况，要求你严格依据定义，从中选出一个最符合或最不符合该定义的答案。注意：假设这个定义是正确的，不容置疑的。 请开始答题： 虚假安全：指在高度紧张状态下大脑处于极度兴奋中，反而不容易出问题：而在接近成功状态下精神越来越放松，顿时有了安全感，然而恰恰是这一瞬间的放松，酿成大祸。 下列属于虚假安全的是( )。
阅读下而这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。 The Weight ExperimentNicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a "calorimeter" (热量测量室) is one way to find out.1 The signs above the two rooms read simply "Chamber One" and "Chamber Two". These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these. rooms another sign reads "Please do not enter - work in progress" and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.2 Nicola Waiters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of diet and exercise, she thought she would help out.3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis.4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. "The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time," says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn’t go too fast.5 It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions. Paragraph 3 ______.
某食品企业主要产品为面干，以ISO22000《食品安全管理体系 要求》为标准建立了工厂的食品安全管理体系。在金属探测工序，审核员看到CCP标识上明确：生产前及正常生产时每小时，监控员应用测试块即Fe 2.0 mm 和Sus 2.5 mm测试金属探测器的准确、灵敏和有效性。查看监控员的测试记录均正常。审核员当场请监控员测试，要求监控员把测试块放于成品包装袋上面测试，却发现，金属探测器没有任何反映，审核员自已重新测试了一次仍无反映，审核员再次将测试块放于二包面中间测试还是无反映，放于面袋下测试反映正常。审核员问监控员，平时你是怎么测试的，监控员回答：我一般是放在成品包中间测试。
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