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第二篇 Oceanography Oceanography has been defined as "the application of all sciences to the study of the sea. " Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to farther his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental (大陆间的 ) travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question-" what is at the bottom of the oceans" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the LIS Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测水深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much. popular interest in his book "The Physical Geography of the Sea". The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairing it was found to be covered with living creatures, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872, Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was______.
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A. concerned with the problems that we will have to solve in the future B. reading books of science fiction C. political implication (涵义) D. a recurrent theme E. read worldwide Books written by J. Verne are______
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断；如果该句提的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Tokyo is World’s Priciest City The weak American dollar and strong European and Asian currencies helped make Tokyo and London the most expensive cities in the world, according to a recent survey. American cities were absent from the top 10, with the most expensive U. S. city, New York, dropping two spots from last year to 12 in the survey of 144 urban areas conducted by Mercer Human Resource Consulting. Moscow ranked in third place, with Osaka, and Hong Kong rounding out the top five most expensive cities. The survey, drawn up twice a year, ranks cost of living for foreign workers, not local residents, and is used primarily by multinational companies to determine pay for expatriate employees. "The euro appreciated (升值) more than 11 percent in the last six months. " said Marie-Laurence Sepede, senior researcher at Mercer. "So that made European cities go up and U.S. cities drop. " Sepede noted that while U.S. cities got cheaper in relation to those in Europe and Asia, the rankings among: American cities remained similar to previous years, with Los Angeles, Chicago and San Francisco all placing high on the list. Also not able was the climb of Australian and New Zealand cities up the list, a shift caused by those nation’s strong currencies. Sydney moved from 67 last year to 20 this year, and Auckland, New Zealand climbed 35 places to 80. The rest of the top 20 remained fairly constant, although Paris, Vienna, Austria and Istanbul, Turkey made their first appearances so high in the rankings. The survey took into consideration 250 criteria, including the cost of utilities, food and entertainment. While the survey looked at a range of living standards, Sepede said the study was most representative of the expenses of people working for big international corporations and maintaining fairly high standards of living. Mercer said the continued appreciation of the euro against the U. S. dollar could eventually force companies to move employees and reorganize. "Mainly, the depreciation(贬值) of the dollar makes it cheaper to send employees to American cities," said Jackie Barber, a spokeswoman for the survey. According to a recent survey, two of the top five most expensive cities are from Asia.
第二篇 Oceanography Oceanography has been defined as "the application of all sciences to the study of the sea. " Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to farther his work. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental (大陆间的 ) travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question-" what is at the bottom of the oceans" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile(起伏形状)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of the LIS Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测水深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much. popular interest in his book "The Physical Geography of the Sea". The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairing it was found to be covered with living creatures, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872, Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895. "defied" in the paragraph 5 probably means______.
阅读下列材料 材料一： 大战宣告结束，内战不容再有，如何以建国之功收抗战之果，甚有赖于先生之惠然一行，共定大计…… ——1945年8月20日蒋介石再次邀请毛泽东到重庆谈判的电报 材料二： 抗战胜利，日寇投降……乃奸匪竟……企图破坏统一以遂其割据之阴谋，若不速于剿除，不仅八年抗战前功尽失，且必贻害无穷。 ……此次剿共为人民幸福之所系，务本以往抗战之精神，遵照中正所订剿共手本，督励所属努力进剿，迅速完成任务……——1945年10月13日蒋介石给何应钦的密电 材料三： “事实上，蒋介石甚至连再占领华南都有极大的困难……如果他不同共产党人及俄国人达成协议，他就休想进入东北。由于共产党人占领了铁路中间的地方，蒋介石要想占领东北和中南就不可能…… 假如我们让日本人放下他们的武器，那么将整个中国就会被共产党人拿过去…… 因此我们便命令日本人守着他们的岗位和维护秩序，等到蒋介石的军队一到，日本军队便向他们投降……这种利用日本军队阻止共产党人的办法是国防部和国务院联合决定而经我批准的。” ——美国总统杜鲁门的回忆 回答问题： 蒋介石当时为什么要玩弄反革命两手在上述材料中有何依据
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