Text 3Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural—perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract this evil contact, the iii person or one of his relatives will employ a medical man called a "singer" to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the "singer" will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho Hogan. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the "singer" will rub the sick or injured parts of the patient’s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sandpainting is destroyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone.The art of sandpainting is handed down from old "singers" to their students. The materials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit: brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is ground by being crushed between 2 stones much as corn is milled into flour. The "singer" holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and forefingers onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and great patience, he is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho does not allow copying of sandpaintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft. The fact that reproductions of sandpaintings are now commercially available shows that ().
A. modem technology has helped the mass production of sandpaintings
B. people have come to appreciate the hearing effect of sandpaintings
C. modem people no longer believe in supernatural power
D. people have realized the artistic value of sandpaintings
病历摘要:患者男性,71岁,身高165cm,体重81kg,高血压,病史6年,长期服用尼群地平10mg 3/日及心得安10 mg 3/日降压治疗,血压控制在145-160/80-90 mmHg。18年前曾有反复哮喘发作史。烟龄20年,已戒烟18年。半个月来受凉后咳嗽咳痰迁延不愈,咳痰初为黄脓色,后转为白色泡沫痰。近5天来每晚11时左右出现胸闷气喘,在阳台呼吸新鲜空气并自行喷雾吸入一喷沙丁胺醇(舒喘灵),过30分钟后症状缓解,可重新入睡,但每晚气喘发作,连日来逐渐加重,遂住院进一步诊治。 提问:下列哪些是鉴别心源性哮喘与支气管哮喘的依据()
A. 急性发作发病方式
B. 夜间出现呼吸困难,坐位或站立后可缓解
C. 双肺哮鸣音
D. 吸入沙丁胺醇(舒喘灵),呼吸困难症状缓解
E. 舒张早期奔马律
F. 肺动脉第二音亢进
G. 高血压病、肥胖症,年龄71岁,吸烟史
H. 双肺底湿啰音