病历摘要:患者男性,71岁,身高165cm,体重81kg,高血压,病史6年,长期服用尼群地平10mg 3/日及心得安10 mg 3/日降压治疗,血压控制在145-160/80-90 mmHg。18年前曾有反复哮喘发作史。烟龄20年,已戒烟18年。半个月来受凉后咳嗽咳痰迁延不愈,咳痰初为黄脓色,后转为白色泡沫痰。近5天来每晚11时左右出现胸闷气喘,在阳台呼吸新鲜空气并自行喷雾吸入一喷沙丁胺醇(舒喘灵),过30分钟后症状缓解,可重新入睡,但每晚气喘发作,连日来逐渐加重,遂住院进一步诊治。 提问:下列哪些是鉴别心源性哮喘与支气管哮喘的依据()
A. 急性发作发病方式
B. 夜间出现呼吸困难,坐位或站立后可缓解
C. 双肺哮鸣音
D. 吸入沙丁胺醇(舒喘灵),呼吸困难症状缓解
E. 舒张早期奔马律
F. 肺动脉第二音亢进
G. 高血压病、肥胖症,年龄71岁,吸烟史
H. 双肺底湿啰音
Eufracio Tolentino:I did regular exercise when I was young, but by my 30s, I had a family and a busy job. I neglected exercise for years. At 59, I had a stroke that resulted from lack of exercise. Now I visit a recovering center in the morning and spend my afternoons exercising. I encourage my friends a start exercising. If they don’t, engaging too much in their work or family, they may also suffer from a stroke.Raymond Chiew:Think you’re healthy just because you’re within your ideal weight range for your height Wrong! Take me as an example. I figured I got enough exercise playing tennis once a week, for I wasn’t overweight and didn’t smoke or drink. Then at 57, I woke up one early morning with chest pains and tests revealed that I had serious heart trouble. I was shocked. Now I walk for an hour every day and my doctor says that my heart is improving.Dr Santos-Ringor:Whether you hire a personal trainer, take exercise classes at the community center or rent exercise videos, spending money on fitness is really money well spent, for health is wealth. But if you can’ afford any of those, just get a comfortable pair of shoes: walk is free. I form an exercise group with friends, play catch with my kids or set aside Saturdays for long walks in the country.Ruth Cheah:You’re never too late or too out of shape to start exercising. I didn’t start to exercise on a regular basis until I was 59. Now, as old as 79, I take a daily 45-minute walk, go swimming twice a week. These exercises free me from medicines, and I feel active and alert. People tell me that I look younger than my age.V. M. Chandran:Many people start exercising because they want to lose weight, and when that doesn’t happen immediately, they may give up. But the same volume of muscle weights more than that of fat, so a large person who is fit could be healthier than a thin person who is not. When I saw my weight rise past 90 kilos in my late 40s, I began taking walks for 45 minutes a day. Even though I still weigh over 90 kilos, I feel much stronger. I’m proud to have muscles, not fat.Statements Raymond Chiew()
A. Rich people know that health is wealth.
B. Exercise does not necessarily mean a big-money game.
C. Proper exercise is a must even if you are not overweight.
D. One will pay dearly for ignoring exercise due to the heavy demands of life
E. Old age or poor health is never an excuse for being inactive.
F. Exercise is good as long as it helps lose weight.
G. The right proportion of muscle and fat is the criterion of health.
Text 3Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural—perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract this evil contact, the iii person or one of his relatives will employ a medical man called a "singer" to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the "singer" will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho Hogan. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the "singer" will rub the sick or injured parts of the patient’s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sandpainting is destroyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone.The art of sandpainting is handed down from old "singers" to their students. The materials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit: brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is ground by being crushed between 2 stones much as corn is milled into flour. The "singer" holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and forefingers onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and great patience, he is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho does not allow copying of sandpaintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft. The traditional Navaho does not allow copying of sandpaintings because ().
A. it is against Navaho belief system
B. this is a craft exclusive to the supernatural
C. anything copied is considered worthless
D. the copying may bring harm to other Navahos