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Passage 2 Most single parents work outside the home; and in many two-parent families,both parents work. Unless working parents have been lucky enough to arrange a flexible schedule that allows them to be home when their children are not in school, they are not available to care for their children during the period immediately after school. The result is children of all ages being left to care for themselves after school. Young children in these families have been referred to as latchkey kids because they carry their own house key. Older students are more likely to care for themselves after school. Parents provide supervision (监管) after school for over half of the students in grades K-5. Other children stay with adults other than their parents, attend center-based programs, or take part in extracurricular activities (课外活动) such as sports, arts, or clubs. Children in poverty are slightly more likely to stay with relatives than other children; they are also less likely to care for themselves after school than children in families with higher incomes. One-fifth of the children in kindergarten through fifth grade attend after-school programs in centers or schools with adult supervision and guidance on first aid, nutrition, health, homework, and being on their own at home. These programs are sometimes available at the child’s school, or they may be organized by local houses in cooperation with community groups. Young children may learn how to get home from school safely, how to use the telephone and be familiar with emergency telephone numbers, what to do in case of fire, how to deal with strangers, and how to use their time wisely. Often parents must pay a fee for their children to take part in such programs. Unfortunately, some families cannot afford the cost of such care. Educators should be aware of the realities faced by children left alone after school. Children are sometimes frightened to be at home alone, especially when they have no brothers or sisters. The process of traveling from school to home can be dangerous and frightening in neighborhoods where drugs are being sold and peers (同齡人) are encouraging one another to misbehave. Television often becomes the babysitter, providing children with the opportunity to learn from educational programs—or from programs unsuitable for children. In most cases, children are thankful for caring adults who can provide supervision and assistance. The main topic of the passage is _________.
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In many countries, there aren’t sufficient water resources ________ for future development.
有人认为大学教育是为就业作准备2. 也有人持不同的意见3. 结合自己的经历，谈谈对大学教育功能的看法 The Functions of a University Education
Back in the day, a good report card earned you a parental pat on the back, but now it could be money in your pocket. Experiments with cash incentives (激励) for students have been catching on in public-school districts across the country, and so has the debate over whether they are a (47) tool for hard-to-motivate students. According to a study (48) today by the social-policy research group MDRC, a non-profit organization, cash incentives combined with counseling offered "real hope" to low-income and nontraditional students at two Louisiana community colleges. The program (49) by the Louisiana Department of Social Services and the Louisiana Workforce Commission was simple: enroll in college at least half-time, (50) at least a C average and earn 1,000 a semester for up to two terms. Participants, who were randomly (51) , were 30% more likely to register for a second semester than were students who were not offered the supplemental financial (52) . And the participants who were first offered cash incentives in spring 2004--and thus whose progress was tracked for longer than that of subsequent groups before Hurricane Katrina (53) forced researchers to suspend the survey for several months in August 2005--were also more likely than their peers to be enrolled in college a year after they had finished the two-term program. Students offered cash incentives in the Louisiana program earned more (54) and were more likely to attain a C average than were nonparticipants. And they showed psychological (55) too, reporting more positive feelings about themselves and their abilities to (56) their goals for the future.A) maintainB) brilliantC) cooperativeD) claimE) aidF) selectedG) retainH) abruptlyI) creditsJ) fulfilled K) benefits L) accomplish M) released N) naturally O) funded
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our [interpersonal](人与人之间的) relationships. One strength of the human condition is our (36) to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support (37) of the exchange of resources among people (38) on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and (39) problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, (40) that the presence of social support helps people fight off illness, and the (41) of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support (42) stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and (43) may let us know that they value us. (44) . Second, other people often provide us with informational support. (45) .Third, we typically find that engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs (46) .Finally, other people may give us helpful support--financial aid, material resources, and needed services--that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.
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