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Passage One Among all the animals, the ape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brain structure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood. There are four kinds of apes: the chimpanzee (黑猩猩), the orangutan (猩猩), the gorilla (大猩猩), and the gibbon (长臂猿). They live in the deep forests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. All apes are covered with brown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except their faces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb that helps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumb on each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also. Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However, their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travel very quickly from tree to tree. These animals live in small family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables and fruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they are tired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more than a night or two. Then they move on to look for more food. There are some differences among the following three kinds of apes. The gibbon is never more than three feet high and weighs only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be six feet tall and weighs up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than the gorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weighs up to 200 pounds. Chimpanzees are the smartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dress themselves, and to do things that human children can do. Apes build nests in the trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because ______.
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Gulf Wracked By Katrina’s Latest Legacy--Disease, Poisons, Mold A month after Hurricane Katrina tore through the U.S. Gulf Coast, medical experts are now struggling with the latest crisis in the region: contamination(污染). Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil, sewage, and possibly poisons leached from federal toxic waste sites, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says. The pollution, combined with the lack of regular medical services in the region, has raised serious questions about the safety of New Orleans and other coastal towns as people longing for home begin to go back. "I don’t think New Orleans is safe for people to return to, from a public health and environmental health standpoint, "said Miriam Aschkenasy, an environmental health expert working with Oxfam America in the region. Much of the contamination rests in the brown, filmy sediment(沉淀物) left behind by Katrina’s Polluted floodwaters. Recent EPA tests of the sediment confirmed high levels of E. coil bacteria, oil and gas chemicals, and lead, as well as’ varying quantities of arsenic. The health risks posed by the sediment are immediate, experts say, because the sludge (淤泥) is nearly impossible for returning residents to avoid. In New Orleans, it covers every surface that was flooded, from cars and now-dead lawns to the entire contents of flooded homes, stores, hospitals, and schools. "When people come back, they are exposed to the sediment," said Wilma Subra, a chemist from New Iberia, Louisiana, who is analyzing the sediment. "It’s in their yards and houses."Old Pollution Resurfacing Plaquemines Parish, a rural county on the peninsula south of New Orleans, is now covered with even more toxic sediment than it was two weeks ago, thanks to Hurricane Rita. "Six inches up to one foot (15 to 30 centimeters) of sludge," Subra reported. Much of the sludge in Plaquemines is the product of nearby bayous and bay bottoms, where sediment was lifted up by Katrina’s and Rita’s storm surges. The sediment has been polluted over the years with industrial chemicals and heavy metals, said Subra, who tested the sediment for the Southern Mutual Help Association, a nonprofit organization in New Iberia, Louisiana. "These water bodies have received industrial wastes for decades," she said. "This material has toxic chemicals, metals, and organic petrochemicals(石化产品)." Matters have only been made worse by multiple oil spills caused by Katrina and Rita. According to the U.S. Coast Guard, 11 oil spills, have occurred in southern Louisiana, totaling 7.4 million gallons( 28 million liters ) of oil, most of which has been contained. Bacteria levels are also especially high in the Plaquemines sludge, said Rodney Mallett, spokesperson for the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. "The sewage treatment plants were underwater," he explained: "Between the animal waste and the human waste, you’ve got a lot of bacteria."Protection Kits Health and environmental agencies are advising people to avoid contact with the sludge. They recommend that people wear gloves, goggles, and dust masks, and that they wash promptly if exposure occurs. EPA officials are directing people to its Web site (www.epa.gov) to inform themselves of the contamination risks. But most people returning to the area don’t have computers to get that information, said Erik Olson, an attorney for the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group. "If you [do] read the Web site," he added, "you practically have to have a degree in chemistry to understand it." To better inform people of health risks, the Southern Mutual Help Association and Oxfam America are developing a program to give every returning resident a protective kit. Each kit would contain waterproof suits, goggles (风镜), shoe covers, and masks, along with information about potential hazards. Volunteers would give out the kits at the security checkpoints that now stand at the major entrances to affected cities. The groups have made a hundred demonstration kits, which cost about $100 (U.S.) each to produce, and have shown them to state leaders in Louisiana. "The governor is really in favor of this," Subra said. "We just have to determine how we’re going to fund them."Toxic Mold Blooms In addition to the toxic sediment, sprawling blooms of mold have now taken hold in many flooded homes. "The mold is growing everywhere--homes are just coated with it," Subra said. The problem has become so widespread that federal health officials warned Wednesday of allergic reactions and toxic responses to the mold. Professionals should be hired to clean mold that covers more than ten square feet (one square meter), they urged. "Those [surfaces] that can’t be cleaned need to be removed," said Steven Redd, chief of the Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The effects of the mold are already surfacing in Mississippi, where respiratory (呼吸的) problems are among the illnesses doctors there are reporting. "We’re seeing a lot of asthma from inhaling the mold," said Richard Paat, team leader of a temporary East Biloxi clinic. "And mouth sores from the bad water." Due to contact with unclean water, 33 people in the flood zone have contracted Vibrio infections, according to the CDC. The infections are caused by a family of bacteria that live in contaminated salt water. They can cause serious illness, especially in people with compromised immune systems. To date, six people have died from Vibrio infections. "People had open wounds and walked through floodwater with sewage in it," CDC spokesperson Von Roebuck said. "And these folks were having these wounds infected with Vibrio."Disaster Response Care "This is a highly contaminated area," said Susan Briggs, the physician overseeing FEMA’s disaster-response medical teams in Louisiana and Alabama. Her teams have been inoculating residents for tetanus and Hepatitis A and B. Hepatitis is a danger when people are exposed to sewage, through water or food, Briggs explained. Tetanus can occur when people cut themselves on unclean materials, as may happen when cleaning debris. The rudimentary (根本的) living conditions in many Katrina-struck areas make it more likely that people will get sick and injured, Briggs said. "They have no electricity, no clean water, no air conditioning," she said. "There are collapsed structures and stray animals. There are huge amounts of stray dogs, and people have been bitten." Briggs and other doctors in the area have been treating many cases of diarrhea, rashes, and upper-respiratory illnesses. All of these conditions are to be expected after natural disasters, according to the CDC. But it’s too soon to know if these ailments are related to contamination, the CDC’s Roebuck said. "We’re looking at that question," he said. "We’d like to know the answer." Katrina left New Orleans and other communities tainted with oil and sewage.
某食品公司工会向公司提出了签订集体合同的要求，公司表示同意。随后，工会与公司拟订了集体合同草案，工会还组织职工对集体合同草案进行了讨论。在工会与公司举行了合同签订仪式后，工会将集体合同报送了劳动行政部门。 如果劳动合同中约定的劳动报酬低于集体合同的规定，应( )。
Most of us find the forgetting easier, but maybe we should work on the forgiving part. "Holding on to hurts and nursing grudges wear you down physically and emotionally," says Stanford University psychologist Fred Luskin, author of Forgive for Good. "Forgiving someone can be a powerful antidote." In a recent study, Charlotte, assistant/associate professor of psychology at Hope College in Holland, Michigan; and this colleagues asked 71 volunteers to remember a past hurt. Tests recorded the highest blood pressure, heart rate and muscle tension—the same responses that occur when people are angry. Research has linked anger and heart disease. When the volunteers were asked to imagine empathizing, even forgiving those who had wronged them, they remained calm by comparison. What’s more, forgiveness can be learned, insists Luskin, director of the Stanford Forgive- ness Project, "We teach people to rewrite their story in their minds, to change from victim to he- m. If the hurt is from a spouse’s infidelity, we might encourage them to think of themselves not only as a person who was cheated on, but as the person who tried to keep the marriage together. Two years ago, Luskin tested his method on 5 Northern Irish women whose sons had been murdered. After undergoing a week of forgiveness training, the women’s sense of hurt, measured using psychological tests, had fallen by more than half. They were also much less likely to feel depressed and angry. "Forgiving isn’t about forgetting what happened," says Luskin. "It is about breaking free of the person who wronged us." The early signs that forgiving improves overall health are promising: A survey of 1,423 adults by the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research in 2001 found that people who had forgiven someone in their past also reported being in better health than those who hadn’t. However, while 75% said they were sure God had forgiven them for past mistakes, only52% had been able to find it in their hearts to forgive others. Forgiveness; it seems, is still divine. Which of the following statements can be used as a best title for this passage
Crossing Wesleyan University’s campus usually requires walking over colorful messages chalked on the ground. They can be as innocent as meeting announcements, but in a growing number of cases the language is meant to shock. It’s not uncommon, for instance, to see lewd reference to professors’ sexual preferences scrawled across a path or the mention of the word "Nig" that African-American students say make them feel uncomfortable. In resp0nse, officials and students at schools are now debating ways to lead their communities away from forms of expression that offend or harass. In the process, they’re putting up against the difficulties of regulating speech at institutions that pride themselves on fostering open debate. Mr. Bennet of Wesleyan says he had gotten used to seeing occasional chalkings filled with four-letter words. Campus tradition made any horizontal surface not attached to a building a potential billboard. But when chalkings began taking on a more threatening and obscene tone, Bennet deeided to act. "This is not acceptable in a workplace and not acceptable in an institution of higher learning," Bennet says. For now, Bennet is seeking input about what kind of message-posting policy the school should adopt. The student assembly recently passed a resolution saying the "right to speech comes with implicit responsibilities to respect community standards". Other public universities have confronted problems this year while considering various ways of regulating where students can express themselves. At Harvard Law School, the recent controversy was more linked to the academic setting. Minority students there are seeking to curb what they consider harassing speech in the wake of a series of incidents last spring. At a meeting held by the "Committee on Health Diversity" last week, the school’s Black Law Students Association endorsed a policy targeting discriminatory harassment. It would trigger a review by school officials if there were charges of "severe or pervasive conduct" by students or faculty. The policy would cover harassment based on, but not limited to, factors such as race, religion, creed, sexual orientation, national origin, and ethnicity. Boston attorney Harvey Silverglate, says other schools have adopted similar harassment policies that are actually speech codes, punishing students for raising certain ideas. "Restricting students from saying anything that would be perceived ns very unpleasant by another student continues uninterrupted," says Silverglate, who attended the Harvard Law Town Meeting last week. What is the policy adopted by many schools after heated debating
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