What is the main source of alterations to N and P flows in the Anthropocene?(Please choose one correct answer)
A. Excessive algal growth
B. The use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture
Climate change
D. Ocean acidification
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Why is it important to limit nitrogen 'N' and phosphorus 'P' flows?(Please choose one correct answer)
A. Because N and P inhibit algal growth
Because excess N and P disrupts biogeochemical cycles
C. Because soils are N and P saturated
Essential elements (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorous) serve what essential function?(Please choose one correct answer)
A. They help to regulate biological processes and shape life on earth
B. They are the elements taken up by microorganisms and drive all primary production
C. They are the man-made components that act as catalysts for creating artificial fertilizers
D. They are all the elements that can be found on the periodic table
In this lecture, Professor Rockström indicates that the update to the science of planetary boundaries will make a change to the calculation of the land and water use boundaries. What is this change highlighted by Professor Rockström?(Choose one correct answer)
A. The updated science will use an entirely ‘top-down’ approach, looking at how much land and water can be used before inducing a tipping point
B. The updated science will use an entirely ‘top-down’ approach, looking at how much land and water must be maintained in order to maintain resilience
C. The updated science will use an entirely ‘bottom-up’ approach. At the local scale, the level of biodiversity loss and novel entities that can be reached before inducing a tipping point will form the basis of the assessment.
D. The updated science will combine a ‘top-down’ approach with a ‘bottom-up’ approach. At the local/regional scale how much land in forest systems and freshwater in river basins must be maintained in order to sustain Earth resilience
Why is the environmental water flow measure important?(Please select one answer)
A. It indicates the amount of water that is needed in a river to keep it from becoming overly enriched with nutrients (a process known as eutrophication)
B. It indicates the amount of water that is currently in river basins worldwide
C. It indicates how much water in rivers systems is available to be used for agriculture
D. It indicates an estimate of the minimum amount of water that is needed in our river systems to keep ecosystems functioning
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