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Charlie Has a Chance to Get AheadCharlie is employed known an accountant in a small assembly plant in the Midwest. In his seven years at Astro-Technology, he has become (19) with most of the 200 employees and enjoys the (20) of his office and the company attitude toward him. However, in the past three years, he has not received a promotion, and there is little chance for one in the near future. The raises he has (21) have not kept up with inflation. He has discussed the situation frequently with his wife, Rita, who is. working as a personnel officer at a research firm in town.Although Rita has never told Charlie, she feels that her job has more status than his (22) Charlie earns slightly more than income, she has more flexible hours, more holidays with pay, better company fringe benefits, and apparently more status when the two companies’ organizational charters are (23) Rita enjoys her present position and the salary she receives.The two daughters are doing well in grammar school and are active in girl scouts and the 4H Club.A month ago Charlie (24) a new position for an accountant in their home office in Dallas. He knows that his company has a (25) of promoting from within, and his supervisor feels that he would have a good chance of getting the position. It would mean an immediate 15 percent (26) in pay; more prestige, because he would have a private officer and more (27) for promotions. He applied for the position, but was afraid to tell his wife. When the interview was (28) he informed Rita that he had to go to Dallas for a seminar.Charlie was (29) with Dallas and the possible neighbourhoods his family could select to make their home. The home office was impressive! Dark walnut and chrome were everywhere, and the personnel in the office were very friendly. After a tour of the facility he had an interview with five managers.A week later he was (30) that he was one of the three finalists. He was excited and eager to accept the position if it was offered him. That night, when he told Rita, she Was (31) The move would mean they would have to leave their lovely home that they had been remodeling over the last seven years. The girls would have to find new friends.Finally and most (32) could Rita find a job as good as the one she has It seemed unfair to force her to move and give up a good job, just so Charlie could satisfy his own (33) It turned into a real argument. Charlie wanted to move and Rita did not. Charlie was saying that he is a striver and Rita was saying she is happy with their status in life. 27（）
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AChief Michael Omisade, a lawyer, has been appointed chairman of the National Bank of Nigena. He succeeds Mr. C S. O. Akande, who relinquished the post at the end of his three-year term. The Board of Directors of the Bank has also been reconstituted with the appointment of five new persons: Mr. M A. AdAeniran, Mr. G. L. Oyawola, Chief Femi Oyebanjo, Mr. Tunde Oyefodunnn, Mr. ,J. O. Turki, Mr. S. O. Banjo (the managing director) and Mr. J. A. Ogunbiyi.BUnion officials from Australia, Barbados, Britain, Canada, India, Sierra Leone and Tanzania have been named as the steering committee of the newly-formed Commonwealth Trade Union Council (CTUC) . Dennis McDermott, President of the Canadian Labour Congress, was appointed chairman of the council, whose chief aim is promoting the interests of trade unions and some 25m workers in the Commonwealth, specially those in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. Mr. Len Murray, General Secretary of the British Trades Union Congress, said he hoped the new organization, officially formed on March 1, could help further the dialogue between the nations of the industrialized North and the developing South.CThe Sokoto Match Factory, opened in 1978, has been closed down due to acute shortage of spare pans, lack of raw materials and cash flow problems. The general manager of the company Mr. Nasir Mikhali, regretted the closure because he had thought the project was viable. The factory was a joint venture of the Sokoto State Government, Messrs Alawa A/C factory, and PAPCO (Nigeda) Ltd. It had 50 employees and was producing about 27,000 canons of good quality matches a year. The workers went on strike.DThe meeting of the international Tin Council in London earlier this month decided to raise the price range of the buffer stock by ten percent. This lifted the "floor" from 1,500 ringgit (Malaysian dollars) per picul (133 1/31bs) to M 1,650 per picul and the "ceiling" from M 1,950 to M 2,145. At last week’s exchange rates that would make the floor a bit under 6,000 a tonne and the ceiling over 7,250 a tonne, with the middle belt, where the buffer stock manager may neither buy nor sell without special permisson, from about 6,150 a tonne just over 6,700 a tonne. It produces about 27,000 canons of matches a year.（）
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Research and Development in IndustryIt is only through innovation that large companies will be able to survive, according to Mark Peter, vice-chair- man of UK-owned industrial giant 5P. However, says Peter, it remains difficult to run a truly innovative company. Innovation involves speculation, unproven technologies and unpredictable costs. It takes a lot of managing, because managers really have to be on top of what’s happening. In addition, innovation does not fit easily into the orderly kind of organization that company accountants like. Despite this, Peter claims it is an essential policy to pursue.The 5P group’s record of growth aid profitability indicates that it manages the orderly part of the business pretty well. The statistics are big: operations in more than 60 countries, sales in more than 200. around 60, 000 products and 70, 000 employees. But what makes 5P different is its innovative approach to innovation itself. Although it is a massive multi-national with a turnover of $ 15 billion, the whole company is bro- ken down into tiny groups which work together and help each other and are then encouraged to consult internally with the other groups. This positively encourages individual and collaborative research.A further encouragement is that all research staff world-wide are expected to work on 5P projects for only 85% of their times for the remaining 15% of time they are free to pursue ideas of their own, using company facilities. In this time they can work on their own or in a group. One hugely successful project that has come out of this 15% rule is the Post-it note. The idea came from an individual inventor and then. using the business skills of a large organization, was rapidly developed into a major product. The success of the Post-it note proves how profitable the innovative 15% rule can be.Mark Peter says innovation is at the heart of 5P. In 1996. more that 30% of sales were generated by products less than four years old. He says: "We almost always get into new markets through innovation. We’re very good at adapting these innovations to lots of different markets so we have a high success rate. We take an idea and see how many applications it’s got. Then we try to establish market dominance. We have a tremendous variety of technologies so we can adapt anything but we still need the original ideas to develop." In the past year 5P has introduced a group-wide program called Pacing Plus. This means that they are still actively seeking new ideas, but with the difference that they hope many of them will eventually lead to the establishment of completely new business. In this way, 5P will be able to invest in a wide range of markets and even create some new ones.This emphasis on innovation creates unusual stresses and strains and makes a company like 5P a difficult business To manage. Technical people at 5P are given a large degree of intellectual freedom, and the company appears to specifically try to recruit people who think for themselves and who don’t necessarily solve things by the traditional routes. The management encourages people to step outside of the security that comes from working in a big, stable group, and then to handle the consequences. So far the mixture of freedom and heavy responsibility seems to work: the 25 research schemes now under review could generate business worth $ 6 billion a year. The writer says that the Post-it note was invented as a result of（）
Richard Thomas went to (1) law school after finishing college. Then, he moved to New York.2. The girl next to Richard Thomas married a (2) guy and now lives near Paris somewhere.3. The tall girl is Ellen Rosenberg, who work in Los Angels for (3) years.4. Carol Chin moved to San Francisco and got an (4) job for a while, then went down to Texas to study library science. 3（）
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