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简述性格与气质的区别与联系。
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“微公益”这种公益慈善新形式，在社会上产生了广泛的影响，不仅得到广大民众的支持，同时也受到政府有关部门的关注。为了了解“微公益”的情况，借鉴这种公益活动的经验，××市民政局领导指定办公室秘书小张编辑一期有关“微公益”的专题简报。假定题本的给定资料就是小张所收集、编辑该期简报的材料，请替小张代拟一则“编者按”，阐明该期简报内容的重要性和编辑意图。(要求：内容周全、思路清晰、结构完整、言简意赅，350字左右。提示：本简报的“编者按”须包含背景、资料内容概述、编者的评价和编辑目的等)
Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:Washington D.C. was the first city in history to be created solely for the purpose of governance.Following the Revolution, members of Congress had hotly debated the question of a permanenthome for themselves and for departments, such as the Treasury, the Patent Office, and so on, whicheven the sketchiest of centralgovernment would feel obliged to establish. In 1790, largely in order to put an end to congressionalbickering, George Washington was charged with selecting a site for the newly designated federaldistrict. Not much to anyone’s surprise but to the disappointment of many, he chose a tract of landon the banks of the Potomac River,a few miles upstream from his beloved plantation, MountVernon.The District of Columbia was taken in part from Virginia and in part from Maryland. At the timeit was laid out, its hundred square miles consisted of gently rolling hills, some under cultivation andthe rest heavily wooded, with a number of creeks and much swampy land along the Potomac. Thereis now a section of Washington that is commonly referred to as Foggy Bottom; that section bore thesame nickname a hundred and eighty years ago. Two port cities, Alexandria and Georgetown,flourished within sight of the new capital and gave it access by ship to the most important cities ofthe infant nation~harleston, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York, Newport, Salem, and Portsmouth--and also to the far-off ports of England and the Continent. What is the main topic of the passage
Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Antarctica is a very large area of the earth’s surface, but--until recent years--was the least studied.More knowledge of it is important for all mankind.Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice. In all thisbarrenness and cold, what is there of valueFirst, Antarctica is bound to have mineral resources comparable to those of other great continents.Coal--much of it of poor quality--has been found at many points along the 2,000 mile mountainsystem known as the Great Antarctica Horst. A writer has found a small deposit of manganese oreand rock specimens flecked with uranium or stained green by copper. These finds are importantonly as indications that further exploration would be worthwhile, and such a systematic effort hasbegun under SCAR (the Special Committee on Antarctic Research). This group is an outgrowth ofthe International Geophysical Year (I.G.Y.); but its program has broadened from geophysics toinclude mapping and biology.of Antarctica. Strange antibiotics have been found in the drifting plants of the Antarctic seas; theRussians are reported to be carrying in live herring to be dumped overboard in an attempt at sea"farming."But for the immediate future the great value of Antarctica may lie in other lines of researchfrom the common cold to problems of outer space. The former is under scrutiny at a biologicallaboratory at McMurdo Sound, where clues to certain viruses are being sought in the study ofepidemics among the utterly isolated members of scientific parties.As to space research, there is no place on earth better suited than the South Pole for certain kindsof observation. Here is a firmly fixed point, in contrast to the drifting floes that cover the North Pole;from it all directions are north, and during the six months of darkness the stars circle around a pointdirectly overhead. The United States established an observatory there in 1957 for the I.G.Y. and hasmaintained it ever since.Now it is an ideal space tracking station. Any vehicle on a mission in the southern half of theheavens remains continuously "visible" to an antenna at the pole. Such a station is also able to playa unique role in interrogating earth satellites in orbit over both poles.Such satellites---maintaining their steady sweeps as the earth revolves beneath them---cover nilparts of the globe and hence are ideal for weather observation, communications and other tasks. TheSouth Pole would be the chock point on each circuit, snatching the data from space, processingthem in computers within seconds and relaying them to the rest of the world.On all these counts, the scientists justify their voyages to Antarctica and the vast sums needed.But essentially their argument is a simple one. The great continent to the south is still largelyunknown. In the quest for fundamental knowledge, which is the heart and soul of all science, itcannot be ignored. Antarctic’s mineral resources are best described as
国家秘密分为“绝密”、“机密”、“秘密”三级统称“秘密”。
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