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Part A You will hear an interview between a mathematician and a reporter. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 10. The mathematician would like to study one by one a vast series of textbooks.
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Part A You will hear an interview between a mathematician and a reporter. As you listen, answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False. You will hear the conversation ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1 to 10. The mathematician believes that there are two kinds of science.
TEXT 1 Today, some critics argue that progress on environmental problems has been elusive. There is some truth in that. In the last decade, environmental problems have mounted across the world. Yet over the same 10 years, society had marshaled its resources to address these challenges. The original response was slow. But it is gathering speed, with technological breakthroughs and a growing awareness that a clean environment is essential for development. Of course, we should greatly intensify efforts to tackle poverty and environmental degradation. They endanger our health, security and the innumerable benefits that come to us from nature. But we should also remember our real accomplishments. We have slashed emissions of chemicals that deplete the ozone layer and threaten human health. Industrialized nations largely eliminated chlorofluoro-carbon and halons, the major ozone-threatening gases, by the end of 1995. Fourteen countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have reduced their consumption of ozone-depleting substances by more than 90 percent. And many developing countries are ahead of the timetable that gives them until 2010 to phase out those gases. We are relying less on dirty fuels. Five million energy-efficient lights have been installed in poor countries and those with transitional economies. Wind power generation capacity has increased from near zero to l, 700 megawatts. Virtually unknown in 1992, solar borne systems using photovoltaic technology now provide power to more than a million rural households. At least 30 major companies have committed to investing $10 to $15 billion in renewable energy over the next five years. The private sector is playing an increasingly constructive role. This is an acknowledgment that preserving the environment is both good business and a moral obligation. Companies such as Royal Dutch Shell, Dupont and BP Amoco are working to reduce their negative impact on climate change and increase the options for cleaner energy. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has helped to launch the global alliance for improved nutrition, an innovative public-private partnership that seeks to fortify food in a cost-effective way to improve the health, cognitive development and productivity of people in poor countries. One of the linchpins of these innovative, cooperative efforts is the Global Environment Facility. As the official financing "engine" for the international agreements on biodiversity, climate change, and persistent organic pollutants, the agency earmarks funds for projects with global environmental benefits in 160 countries. It had provided $ 4.2 billion in grants and lever- aged $12 billion in additional financing. The agency has also given 3,000 small grants of up to $ 50,000 each directly to non-governmental organizations and community groups in 60 countries for projects that reconcile global environmental benefits with sustainable livelihoods for local people. We can build on the strengths we have developed over the past 10 years and move ahead with confidence that sustainable development goals are indeed achievable. What is the author’s attitude towards efforts in solving environmental problems
There is no ______ in the game, as the developers fear that players could hurt or annoy each other in this way.
TEXT 3 Divorce doesn’t necessarily make adults happy. But toughing it out in an unhappy marriage until it turns around just might, a new study says. The research identified happy and unhappy spouses, culled from a national database. Of the unhappy partners who divorced, about half were happy five years later. But unhappy spouses who stuck it out often did better. About two-thirds were happy five years later. Study results contradict what seems to be common sense, says David Blankenhorn of the Institute for American Values, a think-tank on the family. The institute helped sponsor the research team based at the University of Chicago. Findings will be presented in Arlington, Va. , at the "Smart Marriage" conference, sponsored by the Coalition for Marriage, Families, and Couples Education. "In popular discussion, in scholarly literature, the assumption has always been that if a marriage is unhappy, if you get a divorce, it is likely you will be happier than you stayed married," Blankenhorn says, "This is the first time this has been tested empirically and there is no evidence to support this assumption." About 19% of the divorced had happily remarried within five years. The most troubled marriages reported the biggest turn-arounds. Of the most discontented, about 80% were happy five years later, says Linda Waite, a University of Chicago sociologist who headed the research team. The study looked at data on 5, 232 married adults form the National Survey of Families and Households. It included 645 who were unhappy. The adults in the national sample were analyzed through 13 measures of psychological well-being. Within the five years, 167 of the unhappy were divorced or separated and 478 stayed married. Divorce didn’t reduce symptoms of depression, raise self-esteem or increase a sense of mastery compared with those who stayed married, the report says. Results were controlled for factors including race, age, gender and income. Staying married did not tend to trap unhappy spouses in violent relationships. What helped the unhappy marrieds turn things around To supplement the formal study data, the research team asked professional firms to recruit focus groups totaling 55 adults who were "marriage survivors". All had moved from unhappy to happy marriages. These 55 once-discontented marrieds felt their unions got better via one of three routes, the report says: Marital endurance. "With time, job situation improved, children got older or better, or chronic ongoing problems got put into new perspective." Partners did not work on their marriage, Marital work. Spouses actively worked to "solve problems, change behavior or improve communication." Personal change. Partners found "alternative ways to improve their own happiness and build a good and happy life despite a mediocre marriage." In effect, the unhappy partner changed. Those who worked on their marriages rarely turned to counselors. When they did, they went to faith-based ones committed to marriage, Waite says. Men, particularly, were "very suspicious of anyone who wanted money to solve personal problems." Those who stayed married also generally disapproved of divorce, Wake says. They cited concerns about children, religious beliefs and a fear that divorce would bring its own set of problems. What is suggested by the research
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