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Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may use cigarettes to "self-medicate" （自我治疗） against the blues （忧郁）， scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually __________ （51） depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived __________ （52） benefits of smoking among teens， " says lead researcher Michael Chaiton， a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto." __________ （53） cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood， in the long __________ （54） we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study， some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to __________ （55） mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants， urban and rural schools， and schools __________ （56） in high，moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three __________ （57）: never smokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate， improve mood or physical __________ （58）; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired to do things; had __________ （59） going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy， sad， or depressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt anxious or tense; and worried too much about things.
"Smokers who used cigarettes as mood __________ （60） had higher risks of elevated （提升）depressive symptoms __________ （61） teens who had never smoked， " says co-researcher Jennifer O"Loughlin， a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine.
"Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are __________ （62）higher risk of developing depressive symptoms."
The __________ （63） between depression and smoking existsv __________ （64） among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. "It"s __________ （65） to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke， "says Dr. Chaiton.
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We can infer from the passage that quakes__________. 查看材料
The passage mainly discusses __________. 查看材料
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Earthquake
Earthquake may rightly be ranked as one of the most destructive forces known to man: since records began to be written down， it has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the million， and that earthquake-related destruction has been beyond calculation. The greater part of such damage and loss of life has been due to collapse of buildings and the effects of rockslides， floods， fire， disease， tsunamis （gigantic sea waves）， and other observable events resulting from earthquake， rather than from the quakes themselves.
The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area covers the Pacific Ocean and its bordering landmasses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains， including the Himalayas， Iran， Turkey， and the Alpine regions. It is in there two great belts or zones that ninety percent of all earthquakes take place; they say， however， happen anywhere at any time.
This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes， but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake forecast may be possible. By analyzing changes in animal behavior， pattems of movements in the earth"s shell，variations in the earth"s force of attraction， and the frequency with which minor earth shakes are observed， scientists have shown increasing success in expecting when and where earthquakes will strike. As a result， a worldwide earthquake warning network is already in operation and has helped to prepare for （and thus lessen） the vast destruction that might otherwise have been totally unexpected.
It is doubtful that man will ever be able to control earthquakes and get rid of their destructiveness altogether， but as how and why earthquakes happen become better understood， man will become more and more able to deal with their possible damage before they occur.
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？ 查看材料
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Global Warming
（1） Smoke is clouding our view of global warming， protecting the planet from perhaps three-quarters of the greenhouse （温室） effect. That might sound like good news， but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades， we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.
（2） This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem， Berlin， where top atmospheric scientists got together， including Nobel prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin， former chairman of the UN"s Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC）.
（3） IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols （浮质） of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest， crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide （二氧化碳） emissions. Until now， they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter， cutting increases by 0.2℃. So the 0.6℃ of warming over the past century would have been 0.8℃without aerosols.
（4） But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher——aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three-quarters， cutting increases by 1.80C. If SO， the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed.
（5） As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall， that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change"，the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop．
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