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(2003年)患者甲与某医院发生医疗纠纷。甲认为由于该医院误诊,导致其疾病没有及时得到治疗,造成了财产和精神上的损害,故向法院提起诉讼,要求医院承担相应的民事责任。甲提出病历和X光片保存在医院,只要医院出示病历和X光片就可以证明医院对此负有责任。请回答以下问题。 原告对以下何种争议事实负有举证责任?()

A. 甲在该医院就诊的事实
B. 医疗行为与损害事实之间是否存在因果关系的事实
C. 损害数额
D. 医生诊断时是否存在过错的事实

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(2008年)某省海兴市的《现代企业经营》杂志刊登了一篇自由撰稿人吕某所写的报道,内容涉及到同省龙门市甲公司的经营方式。甲公司负责人汪某看到该篇文章后,认为《现代企业经营》作为一本全省范围内发行的杂志,其所发文章内容严重失实,损害了甲公司的名誉,使公司的经营受到影响。于是甲公司向法院起诉要求《现代企业经营》杂志社和吕某赔偿损失5万元,并进行赔礼道歉。一审法院仅判决杂志社赔偿甲公司3万元,未对“赔礼道歉”的请求进行处理。杂志社认为赔偿数额过高,不服一审判决提起上诉。根据上述事实,请回答以下问题。 甲公司提起诉讼时,可以选择的法院有()。

A. 《现代企业经营》杂志社所在地的海兴市A区法院
B. 吕某住所地的海兴市B区法院
C. 汪某住所地的龙门市C区法院
D. 甲公司所在地的龙门市D区法院

案例分析题Question 11-21: Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse. The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press. Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith’s art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink. Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before. According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century()

A. Prints could be made at low cost.
B. The quality of paper and ink had improved.
C. Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.
Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.

(2008年四川)香山公司(住所位于甲市A区)与红叶公司(住所位于乙市B区)签订了一份建筑合同,由红叶公司承建香山公司丙市分公司的办公楼(位于丙市C区)。双方同时还约定因履行该建筑合同发生的争议,双方协商解决;协商不成的,双方可以向甲市A区法院起诉或者向乙市B区法院起诉。办公楼建成后,因办公区的附属设施质量不符合合同约定,香山公司与红叶公司协商无果,香山公司向法院起诉。诉讼中双方主动申请法院调解,在调解中红叶公司承认工程所用水泥不合要求,因而影响了工程质量,但双方就赔偿无法达成协议。根据以上案情,请回答以下问题: 关于本案当事人的确定,下列选项正确的是()。

A. 香山公司是原告,红叶公司是被告
B. 香山公司及其丙市分公司是共同原告,红叶公司是被告
C. 香山公司是原告,红叶公司是被告,香山公司的丙市分公司是无独立请求权第三人
D. 香山公司是原告,红叶公司是被告,香山公司的丙市分公司是有独立请求权的第三人

案例分析题Question 32-40: Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from inland communities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to private companies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in improved communications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave the company the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates. (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.) The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on private companies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie. Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The most common road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the most common of which had four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain. The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example of a feature of wagons that was()

A. unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehicles
B. first found in Germany
C. effective on roads with uneven surfaces
D. responsible for frequent damage to freight

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