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标准轨距

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磁悬浮列车

噪音屏障

以美国为首的北美铁路主要是货物运输,美国70%的铁路线路为重载铁路。北美重载列车标准轴重为33吨,最大轴重达到39吨。重载列车编组通常为108辆货车,由3~6台机车牵引,列车总质量为13600吨。为了提高重载铁路轨道基础的承载力,美国一般在软土基础或地质条件较差地段,在道砟下面铺设一沥青层,如图3.18所示。典型的沥青层宽3.7m,厚125-150mm,对于地基基础较差的区段,沥青层的厚度可以取为200mm。沥青层上面的道砟厚度通常为200-300mm。为了进一步提高沥青基础有砟轨道的弹性,可以在沥青中掺加一定比例的橡胶颗粒,用于轨道交通特殊地段的减振降噪。在有砟轨道底部铺设沥青层的措施使用范围很广,可以在正线上,道岔区,隧道内,路桥过渡段,路隧过渡段,平交道口等。实践证明,该措施能极大地提高轨道结构的稳定性和增加轨道的弹性。

从下面六个问题中选择一个作出简短回答,字数不超过150。1. What need translators pay attention to in translating technical terms or specialized vocabulary for traffic and transportation engineering?2. What principles may be adopted in guiding translation of materials for traffic and transportation engineering?3. What steps are involved in translating long and complex sentences in ETTE?4. What are the difficult points in translating technical standards for the railway industry?5. What need translators take into account in translating public signs for roads and traffic?6. What are the main stylistic features of ETTE (English for traffic and transportation engineering)?

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