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The idea of humanoid robots is not new. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play "Possum’s Universal Robots". (The word "robot" comes from the Czech word for drugery, robota. ) Since then. Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Myria in Fritz Lang’s silent masterpiece "Metropolis" to the withering C3PO in "Star Wars" and the ruthless assassin of "Terminator". Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, coloring our views of the future. But now Japan’s industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile. Last October, when Asimo was inducted into the Robot Hall of Fame in Pittsburgh, it walked onto the stage and accepted its own plaque. At two and a half feet tall, Sony’s QRIO is smaller and more toy-like than Asimo. It walks, understands a small number of voice commands, and can navigate on its own. If it falls over, it gets up and resumes where it left off. It can even connect wirelessly to the Internet and broadcast what its camera eyes can see. In 2003, Sony demonsrated an upgraded QRIO that could run. Honda responded last December with a version of Asimo that runs at twice the speed. In 2004, Toyota joined the fray with its own family of robots, called Partner, one of which is a four-foot humanoid that plays the trumpet. Its fingers work the instrument’s valves, and it has mechanical lungs and artificial lips. Toyota hopes to offer a commercial version of the robot by 2010. This month, 50 Partner robots will act as guides at Expo 2005 In Aichi, Japan. Despite their sudden proliferation, however, humanoids are still a mechanical minority. Most of the world’s robots are faceless, footless and mute. They are bolted to the floors of factories, stamping out car parts or welding pieces of metal, making more machines. According to the United Nations, business orders for industrial robots jumped 18% in the first half of 2004. They may soon be outnumbered by domestic robots, such as self-navigating vacuum cleaners, lawn mowers and window washers, which are selling fast. But neither industrial nor domestic robots are humanoid. In paragraph 1 the author introduces his topic by relating ______.
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Directions: You are to write a composition of no less than 200 words with the following information and do your composition on the ANSWER SHEET, You are to come up with the title for the essay.Now many people enjoy emails and other people prefer face-to-face conversations. Which is better and why
There are two ways to create colors in a photograph. One method, called addtive, starts with three basic colors and adds them together to produce some other color. The second method, called subtractive, starts with white light (a mixtu re of all colors in the spectrum) and, by taking away some or all other colors, leaves the one desired. In the additive method, separate colored lights combine to produce various other colors. The three additive primary colors are green, red and blue (each providing about one third of the wavelengths in the total spectrum). Mixed in varying proportions, they can produce all colors. Green and red light mix to produce yellow; red and blue light mix to produce magenta; green and blue mix to produce cyan. When equal parts of all three of these primary colored beams of light overlap, the mixture appears white to the eye. In the subtractive process colors are produced when dye (as in paint or color photographic materials) absorbs some wavelengths and so passes on only part of the spectrum. The subtractive primaries are cyan (a bluish green), magenta (a purplish pink) and yellow; these additive primaries or dyes that absorb red, green and blue wavelengths respectively, thus subtracting them from white light. These dye colors are the complementary colors to the three additive primaries of red, green, and blue. Properly combined, the subtractive primaries can absorb all colors of light, producing black. But, mixed in varying proportions, they too can produce any color in the spectrum. Whether a particular color is obtained by adding colored lights together or by subtracting some light from the total spectrum. The result looks the same to the eye. The additive process was employed for early color photography. But the subtractive method, while requiring complex chemical techniques, has turned out to be more practical and is the basis of all modern color films. How is the passage organized
案例分析题When I came to the United States, I didn’t speak any English. When anyone asked me something, I always said "Yes." But I really didn’t know what they were saying. Once I went to a large store to buy a mouse (鼠标) for my computer. When I got there, I was worried about the price. At last I found a cheap mouse. I checked the price to make sure of it before I went to the cashier. While I was at the cashier’s, she asked me something. I said, "Yes," even though I didn’t understand what she said. Then she told me what I had to pay. The price was different. I knew something was wrong. But I was afraid to say anything. Later, at home, I thought about what the cashier said to me. What made the price go up Then my husband came home. He looked at the receipt and found out what was wrong. The cashier’s question was, "Would you like a one-year warranty (保修)" and my answer was, "Yes." Since that day, I have never said "Yes" before I understand the question. And I have never paid more than the actual (实际的) price. The writer paid more than the price of the mouse because of the warranty.（）
案例分析题When I came to the United States, I didn’t speak any English. When anyone asked me something, I always said "Yes." But I really didn’t know what they were saying. Once I went to a large store to buy a mouse (鼠标) for my computer. When I got there, I was worried about the price. At last I found a cheap mouse. I checked the price to make sure of it before I went to the cashier. While I was at the cashier’s, she asked me something. I said, "Yes," even though I didn’t understand what she said. Then she told me what I had to pay. The price was different. I knew something was wrong. But I was afraid to say anything. Later, at home, I thought about what the cashier said to me. What made the price go up Then my husband came home. He looked at the receipt and found out what was wrong. The cashier’s question was, "Would you like a one-year warranty (保修)" and my answer was, "Yes." Since that day, I have never said "Yes" before I understand the question. And I have never paid more than the actual (实际的) price. The writer learned an important lesson from her own story.（）
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